1. Introduction to Medical and Biomedical Image Synthesis 2. Parametric model-based approaches 3. Monte Carlo Simulations for Medical and Biomedical Applications 4. Medical Image Synthesis using Segmentation and Registration 5. Dictionary Learning for Medical Image Synthesis 6. Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Synthesis 7. Generative Adversarial Networks for Medical Image Synthesis 8. Autoencoders and Variational Autoencoders in Medical Image Analysis 9. Optimization of the MR Imaging Pipeline Using Simulation 10. Synthesis for Image Analysis Across Modalities: Application to Registration and Segmentation 11. Medical Image Harmonization Through Synthesis 12. Medical Image Super-Resolution With Deep Networks 13. Medical Image Denoising 14. Data Augmentation for Medical Image Analysis 15. Unsupervised Abnormality Detection in Medical Images with Deep Generative Methods 16. Regularising Disentangled Representations with Anatomical Temporal Consistency 17. Image Imputation in Cardiac MRI and Quality Assessment 18. Image Synthesis for Low-count PET Acquisitions: Lower Dose, Shorter Time 19. PET/MRI attenuation correction 20. Image Synthesis for MRI-only Radiotherapy Treatment Planning 21. Review of Cell Image Synthesis for Image Processing 22. Generative Models for Synthesis of Colorectal Cancer Histology Images 23. Spatiotemporal Image Generation for Embryomics Applications 24. Biomolecule Trafficking and Network Tomography-based Simulations 25. Validation and Evaluation Metrics for Medical and Biomedical Image Synthesis 26. Uncertainty Quantification in Medical Image Synthesis 27. Future trends