Chapter 1: Sustainability science to address energy security and achieve sustainable development Chapter 2: Insights on biomass pretreatment and bioconversion to bioethanol and biobutanol Chapter 3: Progress in anaerobic digestion of organic wastes to biomethane Chapter 4: Catalytic and non-catalytic transesterification of non-edible oils to biodiesel Chapter 5: Advances in pyrolysis technology for biomass conversion to solid and liquid biofuels Chapter 6: Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass to produce bio-crude oil and hydrochar Chapter 7: Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil and bio-crude oil to synthetic transportation fuels Chapter 8: Valorization of waste biomass for hydrogen-enriched gas production Chapter 9: Biomass gasification for hydrogen production: A pathway to cleaner energy transition Chapter 10: Conversion of syngas to olefins and green hydrocarbons through Fischer-Tropsch catalysis