1. Introduction 2. Microbial lipids - Applications and market 3. Lipid chemistry and physicochemistry 4. Lipid biochemistry and biosynthesis 5. Analysis of lipids 6. Conventional sources of lipids 7. Alternative sources for lipids production 8. Lipids produced by filamentous fungi 9. Lipids produced by yeasts and chytrids 10. Lipids produced by microalgae 11. Lipid production using agricultural residues 12. Lipid production from liquid effluents 13. Downstream processing and formulation of microbial lipids 14. Biofuels from microbial lipids 15. Non-conventional microbial lipids 16. Biorefineries and circular economy in the production of lipids