Biology and Biotechnology of Actinobacteria

ISBN-13: 9783319603384 / Angielski / Twarda / 2017 / 395 str.

Joachim Wink; Fatemeh Mohammadipanah; Javad Hamedi

Opis

This book provides in-depth insights into the biology, taxonomy, genetics, physiology and biotechnological applications of Actinobacteria. It especially focuses on the latter, reviewing the wide variety of actinobacterial bioactive molecules and their benefits for diverse industrial applications such as agriculture, aquaculture, biofuel production and food technology. Actinobacteria are one of the most promising sources of small bioactive molecules and it is estimated that only a small percentage of actinobacterial bioactive chemicals have been discovered to date. Identifying new diverse gene clusters of biotechnological relevance in the genome of Actinobacteria will be crucial to developing advanced applications for pharmaceutical, industrial and agricultural purposes. The book offers a unique resource for all graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the fields of microbiology, microbial biotechnology, and the genetic engineering of Actinobacteria.

Spis treści

Chapter 1- Introduction to actinobacteria 

1-1- Similarities and differences between actinobacteria, fungi and other bacteria

1-2- General characteristic of actinobacteria

Chapter 2- Cellular structure 

2-1- Cellular components

2-2- Cellular skeleton

Chapter 3- Growth and Life Cycle 

3-1- Life cycle

3-2- Growth

3-3- Chromosome movement during the growth

3-4- Differentiation

3-5- Aerial mycelium formation

3-6- Spore formation

3-7- Molecular principle of differentiation 

3-8- Essential genes in morphogenesis and spore formation

3-9- The other genes involved in morphogenesis and spore formation

3-10- Differentiation factors

Chapter 4- Classification and Taxonomy 

4-1- Classification criteria

4-2- Microscopic and macroscopic morphology

4-3- Molecular identification

4-3-1- 16S rRNA gene sequence

4-3-1- DNA-DNA hybridization and ANI value

4-4- Chemical taxonomy

4-3-1-Cell wall chemical composition

4-3-2- Cell membrane isoprenoidquinones

4-3-3- Cell membrane phospholipids

4-3-4- Cell fatty acid pattern

4-3-5- Cell membrane mycolic acid type

4-4- Physiological characteristics

Chapter 5- Genetic of Actinobacteria 

5-1- Chromosome structure and genetic elements

5-2- Plasmids

5-3- Genetic instability

5-4- Proliferation

5-5- Genomic sequence

5-6- Sequenced actinobacteria

5-7- Model actinobacteria in genetic studies

5-8- Genetic signature molecules

5-9- Genetic manipulation

5-10- Reporter systems

5-11- Cloning

5-12- Gene variation and substitution

5-13- Genetic segments transportation

5-14- Plasmid transportation

5-15- Chromosome segments transportation

5-16- Genes expression system

5-17- Translation

Chapter 6- Ecology and habitat distribution 

6-1- Expanding of actinobacteria in nature and extreme habitats

6-2- Ecology of actinobacteria in terrestrial habitats

6-3- Ecology of actinobacteria in aqueous habitats

6-4- The impact of environmental factors

6-5- Phages of actinobacteria

Chapter 7- Physiology of actinobacteria 

7-1- Growth requirements

7-1-1- Carbon sources

7-1-2- Nitrogen sources

7-2- Metabolite biosynthesis

7-2-1- Primary metabolites

7-2-2- Secondary metabolites

Chapter 8- Regulation of secondary metabolites of actinobacteria 

8-1- Secondary metabolites evolution

8-2- Regulation of Secondary metabolites production 

8-2-1- Positive control mechanisms

8-2-2- Negative control mechanisms

8-3- Growth rate and nutritional limitation

8-4- Extracellular signals

8-5- Induction of silent secondary metabolite clusters

Chapter 9- Symbiosis and pathogenisity of actinobacteria 

9-1- Symbiosis with other microorganisms

9-2- Symbiosis with other macroorganisms

9-2- 1- Symbiosis and Pathogenicity in human 

9-2- 2- Symbiosis and Pathogenicity with animals

9-2- 3- Symbiosis and Pathogenicity with plants

Chapter 10- The role of actinobacteria in biotechnology 

10-1- Application in Red biotechnology

10-1-1- Antibacterial agents

10-1-2- Antifungal agents

10-1-3- Antiviral agents

10-1-4- Antitumor agents

10-1-5- Immune regulator agents

10-1-6- Cholesterol decreasing agents

10-1-7- Antiparasites agents

10-1-8- Enzyme inhibitors

10-1-9- Siderophores

10-1-10- Angiogeny

10-1-12- Toxins

10-1-14- The other biological activities of actinobacterias metabolites

10-2- Application in White biotechnology

10-2-1- Organic solvents

10-2-2- Enzyms

10-2-2- Biotransformation

10-2-2- Biofuel

10-3- Application in Green biotechnology

10-3-1- Biocontrol

10-3-2- Herbicides and insecticides

10-3-3- Animals growth enhancers

10-4- Application in Yellow biotechnology

10-4-1- Vitamins

10-4-2- Amino acids

10-4-3- Organic solvents

10-5- Application in Blue biotechnology

10-5-1- Aquaculture

10-5-2- Antifouling compounds

10-5-3- Biocontrol of pathogens

10-6- Application in Grey biotechnology

10-6-1- Recycling of organic compounds 

10-6-2- Bioremediation of toxic agents

10-6-3- Protection from corrosion

10-7- Application in Gold biotechnology

10-7-1- Systems biology

10-7-2- Production of nanoparticles

Chapter 11- Practical aspects of working with Actinobacteria 

11-1- Morphological investigation

11-1-1- Macroscopic

11-1-2- Microscopic

11-1-3- Cultural analysis

11-2- Physiological investigation

11-2-1- Biochemical tests

11-2-2- Metabolic investigation

11-3- Molecular analysis

11-3-1- Genomic 

11-3-2- Proteomic

11-4- Chemical analysis

11-4-1- Cellular structure analysis

11-4-2- Metabolite analysis

O autorze

Joachim Wink has received his PhD from Frankfurt University, Germany in 1985. He then went into the pharmaceutical industry and started his career at the Hoechst AG, where he was responsible for the strain collection and specialized in the cultivation and taxonomic characterization of Actinobacteria and Myxobacteria. Over the years he became responsible for the strain library within the pharmaceutical research and a number of screening projects with Hoechst Marion Russel, Aventis and Sanofi. In 2005 he completed his postdoctoral degree at the Carolo Wilhelma University of Braunschweig, and in 2012 he transferred to the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research in Braunschweig, where he founded the strain-collection working group and is currently working on the isolation and taxonomic characterization of Myxobacteria and Actinobacteria, as well as the analysis of their secondary metabolites. He has published more than 50 papers on secondary metabolites and the taxonomy of the producing microorganisms in reputed journals, a number of reviews and book chapters, and holds more than 35 patents. He is a member of the editorial board of several international journals.

Fatemeh Mohammadipanah completed her PhD project in a joint program between the University of Tehran and University of Göttingen in 2011. She has been working on Actinobacteria since 2008, when she started the taxonomical study of Actinobacteria at the DSMZ.  She has been an Assistant Professor at the University of Tehran since 2012. Her primary research interests are in the isolation, taxonomy and in particular bioactive secondary metabolites of bacteria.

Javad Hamedi, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.