Biological Management of Diseases of Crops: Volume 2: Integration of Biological Control Strategies with Crop Disease Management Systems

ISBN-13: 9789400763760 / Angielski / Twarda / 2013 / 364 str.

P. Narayanasamy

Opis

Biological management of diseases of crops is influenced by the nature of interactions between the pathogens and other organisms and the plants. Due to development of resistance in pathogens to fungicides and bactericides, determination of compatibility of biotic biocontrol agents with chemicals is essential for selecting strains of biocontrol agents (BCAs) showing resistance to chemicals to effectively restrict use of the chemicals. Microbial plant pathogens and the antagonists present in the soil and on the plant surfaces are influenced by various cultural practices. It is possible to reduce disease incidence and intensity by crop sanitation and using appropriate rotational crops. Application of physical techniques involving the use of heat, solarization and irradiation has potential to reduce the pathogen population or weaken the potential of pathogens present in the seed, planting materials and soil."

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"Narayanasamy provides a comprehensive discussion of the importance of biological management of plant pathogens in order to feed an ever-expanding population. ... Volume 2, Integration of Biological Control Strategies with Crop Disease Management Systems, contains seven chapters covering both cultural and physical methods related to biological management, developing and commercializing BCAs, and biological management in agriculture and horticulture. ... Summing Up: Highly recommended. Graduate students, researchers/faculty, and professionals/practitioners." (R. Frederiksen, Choice, Vol. 51 (7), March, 2014)

Spis treści

Preface

Acknowledgement

1. Introduction
1.1 Concepts and aims of biological management of diseases of crops
1.2 Land marks in the development of biological disease management systems
1.3 Biological disease management strategies
1.4 Integration of biological disease management strategies

2. Cultural practices influencing biological management of crop diseases
2.1 Crop sanitation
2.2 Crop nutrition
2.3 Tillage
2.4 Soil flooding
2.5 Planting date and density
2.6 Irrigation practices
2.7 Effects of other crops
2.8 Effects of cultural practices on soil microbial communities

3. Physical techniques for biological crop disease management
3.1 Heat treatments
3.2 Solar energy treatments
3.3 Radiation treatments
3.4 Ozone treatment

4. Biological control of microbial plant pathogens in alternative sources of infection
4.1 Biological control of weeds
4.2 Biological control of insect vectors by microbial pathogens

5. Development of formulations and commercialization of biological products
5.1 Development of formulations
5.2 Delivery systems for formulated products
5.3 Registration and commercialization of biological control agents

6. Biological disease management systems for agricultural crops
6.1 Diseases of cereal crops
6.2 Diseases of cotton
6.3 Diseases of pulse crops
6.4 Diseases of oilseed crops
6.5 Postharvest diseases

7. Biological disease management systems for horticultural crops
7.1 Management of diseases of vegetables
7.2 Management of diseases of fruits
7.3 Management of diseases of plantation crops

Blurb

Effectiveness of biological management of diseases may depend on the nature of interactions between the pathogens and other organisms and the plants.  Because of development of resistance in pathogens to fungicides and bactericides, selection of strains of biocontrol agents (BCAs) showing resistance to synthetic chemicals is essential to to restrict use of the chemicals. Microbial plant pathogens and the antagonists present in the soil and on the plant surfaces are influenced by the cultural practices such as ploughing, nutrients applied, date of planting and harvesting, plant spacing, irrigation and harvest operations. Crop sanitation is a simple and important practice to eliminate or reduce the pathogen inoculum. It is possible to reduce disease incidence and intensity by including appropriate rotational crops which are resistant/immune to the target pathogen. Intercropping has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of virus diseases. Application of physical and chemical techniques involving the use of heat, solarization and irradiation may reduce the pathogen population or weaken potential of pathogens present in seeds, plants and soil. Irradiation with UV-C has favorable effect on fruits and vegetables which exhibit resistance to postharvest pathogens. Seed treatment with UV-C reduces infection by seedborne pathogens too. Some of the fungal pathogens have been identified as mycoherbicides. Entomopathogenic fungi effective against important groups of insects functioning as vectors of viruses have been identified. Two types of formulations are made from microbial antagonists. Liquid formulations as flowable or aqueous suspensions in water, oils or emulsions are prepared. Dry formulation products are available as wettable powders, dusts or granules. The bioproducts are applied to soil, seeds, propagative plant materials, whole plants and harvested produce as protective or curative treatments. Biological disease management systems for agricultural and horticultural crops have been developed by integrating strategies with synergistic effects on each other. Efforts to develop integrated systems of disease management have been scarce. Methods of integrating management strategies for diseases affecting agricultural and horticultural crops and the achievement of high levels of disease control are discussed. Protocols for isolation/ identification and assessing the biocontrol activities of biotic and abiotic biocontrol agents provided in relevant chapters will be useful for researchers and teachers.