Bioethics in Cultural Contexts: Reflections on Methods and Finitude

ISBN-13: 9789048170821 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 386 str.

Christoph Rehmann-Sutter; Marcus Duwell; Dietmar Mieth

Opis

CHRISTOPH REHMANN-SUTTER, MARCUS DUWELL, DIETMAR MIETH When we placed "finitude," "limits of human existence" as a motto over a round of discussion on biomedicine and bioethics (which led to this collection of essays) we did not know how far this would lead us into methodological quandaries. However, we felt intuitively that an interdisciplinary approach including social and cultural sciences would have an advantage over a solely disciplinary (philosophical or theological) analysis. Bioethics, if it is to have adequate discriminatory power, should include sensitivity to the cultural contexts of biomedicine, and also to the cultural contexts of bioethics itself. Context awareness, of course, is not foreign to philosophical or theological bioethics, for the simple reason that the issues tackled in the debates (as in other fields of ethics) could not be adequately understood outside their contexts. Moral issues are always accompanied by contexts. When we try to unpack them - which is necessary to make them accessible to ethical discussion - we are regularly confronted with the fact that in removing too much of the context we do not clarify an issue, but make it less comprehensible. The context - at least some essential parts of it - is intrinsic to the issue. Unpacking in ethics is therefore a different procedure. It does not mean peeling the context off, but rather identifying which contextual elements are essential for an understanding of the key moral aspects of the issue, and explaining how they establish its particular character.

Spis treści

Introduction; C. Rehmann-Sutter, M. Düwell, D. Mieth. I. Fundamental Aspects. 1. History and Future of Bioethics; A. R. Jonsen. 2. The Need for Ethical Evaluation in Biomedicine and Biopolitics; D. Mieth. 3. Finitude – a Neglected Perspective in Bioethics; B. Sitter-Liver. 4. Limits of Bioethics; C. Rehmann-Sutter. 5. The Problem of Limits of Law in Bioethical Issues; S. Castignone. II. Classical Approaches. 6. One Moral Principle or Many? M. Düwell. 7. Danger and Merits of Principlism: Meta-Theoretical Reflections on the Beauchamp/Childress–Approach to Biomedical Ethics; B. Schöne-Seifert. 8. The Journey from Ethics to Law: The Case of Euthanasia; B. Feuillet le Mintier. 9. Recognition and Respect for Persons: a Personalistic Interpretation of Kant's Categorical Imperative; R. Mordacci. 10. Rationality in Bioethics: Reasonable Adjudication in a Life and Death Case of the Separation of Cojoined Twins; D. Beyleveld. III. Culture and Society. 11. The Public Role of Bioethics and the Role of the Public; A. Cortina. 12. Experts on Bioethics in Biopolitics; S. Graumann. 13. The Contribution of Medical History to Medical Ethics: The Case of Brain Death; C. Wiesemann. 14. Alternative Medicine: A Dispute on Truth, Power or Money? E. Krizova. 15. Dimensions of Cultural Diversity of Medical Ethics; P. Tishchenko. IV. Body and Identity. 16. Body, Perception and Identity; J.-P. Wils. 17. Disabled Embodiment and an Ethic of Care; J. Leach Scully. 18. Coping with Limits: Two Strategies and Their Athropological and Ethical Implications; W. Lesch. V. Innovative Modes of Analysis. 19. What Can the Social Sciences Contribute to the Studyof Ethics? Theoretical, Empirical and Substantive Considerations; E. Haimes. 20. Discourse Ethics: Apel, Habermas, and Beyond; M. Kettner. 21. The Concept of Care Ethics in Biomedicine: The Case of Disability; E. Feder Kittay. 22. The Thick Social Matrix for Bioethics: Anthropological Approaches; R. Rapp. 23. Narrative Bioethics; H. Haker. List of Contributors.

O autorze

Dietmar Mieth, geboren 1940, ist Professor für Theologische Ethik an der Universität Tübingen. Neben den Bereichen der Sozialethik und der biomedizinischen Ethik zählt die Mystik zu seinen Forschungsschwerpunkten. Marcus Düwell, geboren 1962, ist Professor für Ethik an der Universität Utrecht, Wissenschaftlicher Direktor des Ethik-Instituts in Utrecht sowie wissenschaftlicher Direktor der Niederländischen Forschungsschule für Praktische Philosophie. Dr. Christoph Rehmann-Sutter, Molekularbiologe und Philosoph, lehrt an der Universität Basel.

Blurb

Bioethics, if it is to have adequate discriminatory power, should include sensitivity to the cultural contexts of biomedicine, and also to the cultural contexts of bioethics itself. Biomedical developments carry with them social and cultural meanings that must be taken into account if the accompanying bioethical dilemmas are to be understood.

This book discusses a range of methodological issues for an interdisciplinary bioethics. How can bioethics be an enterprise that does not only isolate issues and moral reasons but also (re)contextualises them? What are the strengths and weaknesses of different traditional and innovative modes of ethical work in terms of these tasks?

By introducing the term "finitude" in the sense of limits of human existence, limits of human knowledge and knowledge capacity, a difference was set in the cultural apprehension of medicine. Is medicine aimed at overcoming our existential limits: to fight diseases and prolong life? Finitude reintroduces the existential and cultural basis on which every medicine (limits-sensitive or off-limits medicine) depends, but it concerns also ethical judgment. An apprehension of the limitations of different ethical approaches to biomedicine, however, could strengthen the collaborative effort of an interdisciplinary bioethics that embraces also cultural studies and social sciences.