Biochemical engineering for fuel production in the United States.- Structure, pretreatment and hydrolysis of cellulose.- Alcohol production and recovery.- Conversion of hemicellulose carbohydrates.- Fuel ethanol from biomass: Production, economics and energy.- Biomass conversion program in Brazil.- Biomass conversion program in Finland.- Biomass conversion program of West Germany.- Biomass conversion in South Africa.- Biomass utilization in Switzerland.- Swedish developments in biotechnology based on lignocellulosic materials.