Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects

ISBN-13: 9780784415344

Chal Biodiesel Production: Technologies;R. D. Tyagi;Rao Y Surampalli

Opis

Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects presents approaches, technologies and source materials for biodiesel production as well as socio-economic and political impacts of biodiesel applications. This book offers a detailed overview of the benefits, impacts, and production of biodiesel. Researchers, scientists, engineers, students, policy makers, and government officials will find this book a valuable reference of comprehensive information on biodiesel production. Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects presents approaches, technologies and source materials for biodiesel production as well as socio-economic and political impacts of biodiesel applications. This book offers a detailed overview of the benefits, impacts, and production of biodiesel. Researchers, scientists, engineers, students, policy makers, and government officials will find this book a valuable reference of comprehensive information on biodiesel production. Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects presents approaches, technologies and source materials for biodiesel production as well as socio-economic and political impacts of biodiesel applications. This book offers a detailed overview of the benefits, impacts, and production of biodiesel. Researchers, scientists, engineers, students, policy makers, and government officials will find this book a valuable reference of comprehensive information on biodiesel production. Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects presents approaches, technologies and source materials for biodiesel production as well as socio-economic and political impacts of biodiesel applications. This book offers a detailed overview of the benefits, impacts, and production of biodiesel. Researchers, scientists, engineers, students, policy makers, and government officials will find this book a valuable reference of comprehensive information on biodiesel production. Sponsored by the Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects Task Committee of the Technical Committee on Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Engineering of the Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects presents approaches, technologies, and source materials for biodiesel production, as well as socioeconomic and political impacts of biodiesel applications. As industrialization and population increases, the need for energy is also increasing. Petroleum diesel is a major fuel source worldwide that possesses many disadvantages including decreasing fossil fuel reserves and increasing atmospheric pollution. These pollutants have significant negative impacts on the global environment and human health. Thus, it is imperative to develop alternate fuels and renewable sources of energy that are environmentally sustainable, with biodegradability, low toxicity, and renewability and are less reliant on petroleum products. This book presents a detailed overview of the benefits, impacts, and production of biodiesel. Topics include History, composition, physicochemical properties, and standards; General methods and applications of raw materials; Extraction of lipids from the oil-bearing materials; Nanotechnology and genetic engineering; Conventional methods and use of resins and adsorbents for purification; Management of coproducts; Economic evaluation and environmental impacts; and Socioeconomic and political considerations. Researchers, scientists, engineers, students, policy makers, and government officials will find this book to be an essential reference of comprehensive information on biodiesel production.

Spis treści

• Preface
• Contributing Authors
• About the Editors
• Biodiesel Basics
• Biodiesel History
• Properties of Biodiesel
• Biodiesel Standards
• Biodiesel versus Other Biorefinery Products
• Biodiesel Blending, Storage, and Transport
• Performance of Biodiesel as a Fuel and Demonstration of its Usage
• References
• Biodiesel: Variations, Properties, and Comparison with Diesel
• Introduction
• Variations in Biodiesel
• Physicochemical Aspects
• Contaminants in Biodiesel
• Particulate Emissions
• Conclusion
• References
• Biodiesel Production by Transesterification
• Introduction
• Transesterification of Oil/Fat to Biodiesel
• Transesterification of Oil-Bearing Substances to Biodiesel
• Biodiesel Production
• Summary
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Enzyme-Catalyzed Transesterification for Biodiesel Production
• Introduction
• Feedstocks and General Methods for Biodiesel Production
• Enzyme-Catalyzed Transesterification for Biodiesel Production
• Cost Analysis of Immobilized Lipase-Based Transesterification
• Summary
• References
• Plant Oil to Biodiesel
• Introduction
• Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production
• Physical and Chemical Properties of Plant Oils
• Transesterification Processes of Plant Oils
• Challenges in Biodiesel Production from Plant Oils
• Future Work and Prospects
• Summary
• References
• Animal Fat Biodiesel
• Introduction
• Sources of Animal Fats for Biodiesel Production
• Comparative Studies of Free Fatty Acids
• Effects of Metals on Tallow, Lard, Poultry, and Fish Fat
• Conversion of Animal Fats into Biodiesel Using Charcoal and CO2
• Measuring the Economic Impact of Animal Fat Biodiesel
• Pros and Cons of Animal Fat Biodiesel
• Summary
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil
• Introduction
• Sources of Waste Cooking Oil
• Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil
• Comparison between Waste Cooking Oil and Virgin Oil
• Cost Analysis of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil
• Summary
• References
• Microalgae Oil Biodiesel
• Introduction
• Microalgae for Biodiesel Production
• Impact Factors of Microalgae Production and Oil Accumulation
• Microalgae Cultivation Systems
• Microalgae Biomass Harvest
• Possibility of Microalgae Biodiesel
• Summary
• References
• Single Cell Oil Biodiesel
• Introduction
• Characteristics of Single Cell Oil
• Oleaginous Microorganisms for Single Cell Oil Production
• Substrates Utilized for Single Cell Oil Production
• Factors Affecting Production of Single Cell Oil
• Degradation of Lipids in Carbon Limitation
• Biochemistry of Single Cell Oil Production in Yeast
• Genetic Engineering for Single Cell Oil Production
• Cost and Economic Consideration in Single Cell Oil Production
• Challenges and Prospects
• Summary
• References
• Biodiesel Production from Oleaginous Microorganisms with Organic Wastes as Raw Materials
• Introduction
• Organic Wastes for Oleaginous Microorganism Cultivation
• Parameters Affecting Lipid Accumulation
• Case Studies
• Challenges and Future Perspectives
• Summary
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Oil Extraction Using Wastewater Sludge
• Introduction
• Methods of Sludge Disposal
• Sludge Characterization
• Valuable Products from Wastewater Sludge
• Recent Studies on Oil Extraction Using Wastewater Sludge
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Oil Extraction Processes
• Comparison of Sludge-Based Oil with Other Oils
• Techno-Economic Evaluation
• Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives
• Conclusions
• References
• Biodiesel Production Using Fermented Wastewater Sludge–Derived Lipids
• Introduction
• Characteristics of Wastewater Sludge
• Biodiesel from Wastewater Sludge–Derived Lipids
• Factors Affecting Lipid Production Using Wastewater Sludge
• Lipid Accumulation in Oleaginous Microorganisms Fed with Sludge
• Challenges and Future Perspectives
• Summary
• References
• Conversion of Crude Glycerol to Lipid and Biodiesel
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Characteristics and Composition of Crude Glycerol
• 13.3 Rationale for Use of Crude Glycerol in Lipid Production
• 13.4 Metabolism for Glycerol Uptake
• 13.5 Recent Studies on Lipid Production from Crude Glycerol
• 13.6 Analysis of Studies Reported in Literature
• 13.7 Major Findings from Previous Studies and Future Perspectives
• 13.8 Summary
• 13.9 References
• Lignocellulosic Biomass: The Future Renewable Low-Cost Carbon Source for Microbial Lipid Production
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Lipid Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass
• 14.3 Fermentation
• 14.4 Types of Fermentation for Lipid Production
• 14.5 Pretreatment Inhibitors and Their Effect on Microbial Growth and Lipid Accumulation
• 14.6 Summary
• 14.7 References
• Lipid Extraction Technologies
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Cell Disruption
• 15.3 Physical Technologies of Lipid Separation
• 15.4 Chemical Technologies of Lipid Separation
• 15.5 Summary
• 15.6 Acknowledgments
• 15.7 References
• Milking of Lipids from Oleaginous Microorganisms
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Microbial Potential for Lipid Production
• 16.3 Milking Methods to Extract Lipids
• 16.4 Summary and Future Prospects
• 16.5 References
• Application of Nanotechnology in Biodiesel Production
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Lipid Production Using Nanotechnology
• 17.3 Lipid Extraction Using Nanotechnology
• 17.4 Nanotechnology in Selective Purification of Hydrocarbons from Oil
• 17.5 Nanotechnology in Transesterification Reaction
• 17.6 Conclusions
• 17.7 References
• Genetic/Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology Applications to Improve Single Cell Oil Accumulation
• 18.1 Introduction
• 18.2 Basic Gene Transfer Mechanisms
• 18.3 Advances in Genetic Engineering Tools
• 18.4 Multiple Knowledge Needed for Planning the Genetic Engineering
• 18.5 Genetic Engineering Strategies for Lipid Production
• 18.6 Genetic Engineering in Algae
• 18.7 Improvement in Biodiesel Production by Genetic Engineering
• 18.8 Importance of Gene Constructs and Synergy of Operons
• 18.9 Challenges in Designing Metabolic Pathways
• 18.10 Summary and Future Prospects
• 18.11 References
• Recovery and Purification Technologies of Biodiesel
• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 Biodiesel Separation Techniques
• 19.3 Biodiesel Purification Techniques
• 19.4 Quality Testing of Biodiesel
• 19.5 Storage, Stability, and Transportation
• 19.6 Future Work and Prospects
• 19.7 Summary
• 19.8 Acknowledgments
• 19.9 Abbreviations
• 19.10 References
• Purification of Biodiesel Using Resins and Adsorbents
• 20.1 Introduction
• 20.2 Recent Case Studies
• 20.3 Comparative Studies among Adsorbents, Ion-Exchange Resins, and Wet-Washing Methods
• 20.4 Research on Improvement of Ion-Exchangers and Absorbents for Biodiesel Purification
• 20.5 Conclusions
• 20.6 References
• Management of Coproducts from Biodiesel Production
• 21.1 Introduction
• 21.2 Bioresidue Generated after Harvest and Extraction of Oil from
• Agricultural Biomass
• 21.3 Coproduct Management
• 21.4 Biorefinery Concept
• 21.5 Conclusions
• 21.6 Acknowledgments
• 21.7 References
• Economic Evaluation of Biodiesel Production Processes
• Historical Account of Biodiesel Industry Development
• Necessity of Techno-Economic Evaluations
• 22.3 Evaluations with Vegetable Oil and Waste Cooking Oil
• 22.4 Techno-Economic Studies with Algal Oil
• 22.5 Advent of Single Cell Oil and Techno-Economic Shortcomings
• 22.6 Cost Considerations in Downstream Processing
• 22.7 Cost Consideration in the Transesterification Process
• 22.8 Post-Transesterification Purification Cost Consideration
• 22.9 Evaluation of Economic Feasibility
• 22.10 Global Biodiesel Economy and Roadmap Ahead
• 22.11 Conclusions
• 22.12 References
• Biodiesel Impact on Environment and Health
• 23.1 Introduction
• 23.2 Effect on Air Quality
• 23.3 Effect on Water Resources
• 23.4 Effect on Soil
• 23.5 Effect on Biodiversity
• 23.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• 23.7 Public Safety and Health
• 23.8 Challenges
• 23.9 Summary
• 23.10 Acknowledgments
• 23.11 References
• Biodiesel: Socioeconomic and Political Aspects

24.1 Introduction

• 24.2 Policy Impetus to Biodiesel Production in Various Countries
• 24.3 The Oil Sector: Its Political Power and Sensitivity
• 24.4 Social and Environmental Aftermath of Biodiesel Production
• 24.5 Conclusions
• 24.6 References
• Index