Prologue; Part I. Beings of Thought in Action: 1. Epistemic encroachment on practical rationality; 2. Practical reasoning, ends, and the end of hope; 3. Contexts, costs, and benefits; 4. Knowledge and seemingly risky actions; Part II. Beings of Action in Thought: 5. Pragmatic encroachment in epistemology; 6. Reasons for belief and the primacy of the practical; 7. Assessing potential explanations of pragmatic encroachment; 8. Social beings; Epilogue.