Barite-Fluorite Mineralization in Southeast Sichuan, Yangtze Block, China

ISBN-13: 9789811675645 / Angielski / Miękka / 2023

Hao Zou;Shou-Ting Zhang;Min Li

Opis

This book describes the mineralization process of barite-fluorite deposits in southeastern Sichuan, Yangtze Block, China. Mainly through systematic field geological surveys and detailed indoor research work, the typical barite-fluorite deposits in this area were analyzed using a variety of analysis methods such as single fluid inclusion LA-ICP-MS composition analysis, trace rare earth element analysis, H-O-S-Sr isotope analysis, F element content analysis, and Sm-Nd geochronological analysis. By in-depth analysis of the ore-forming environment, mineralization process and geological characteristics of barite-fluorite deposits, the following were determined: (1) the source of ore-forming fluids of barite-fluorite deposits and (2) the migration, concentration, enrichment, and evolution of ore-forming sources, exploring the formation mechanism of barite-fluorite deposits. Summarizing the mineralization regularity of the deposit in this area of China provides a new insight and basis for the study of similar types of deposits in the world.

Spis treści

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 SIGNIFICANCE

1.2 STATE OF THE ART RESEARCH

1.2.1 STATE OF THE ART RESEARCH ON FLUORITE

1.2.1.1 Resource status of fluorite

1.2.1.2 State of the art research of fluorite deposit characteristics

1.2.2 STATE OF THE ART RESEARCH ON BARITE

1.2.2.1 Resource status of barite

1.2.2.2 State of the art research of barite deposits

1.2.3 STATE OF THE ART RESEARCH ON FLUORITE OF THE STUDY AREA

1.3 THE SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM

1.4 RESEARCH IDEAS AND RESEARCH CONTENT

1.4.1 RESEARCH IDEAS

1.4.2 RESEARCH CONTENT

2. GEOLOGICAL SETTING

2.1 GEOTECTONIC SETTING

2.1.1 PALEOZOIC TO EARLY DEVONIAN TECTONIC EVOLUTION

2.1.2 MIDDLE DEVONIAN TO EARLY PERMIAN TECTONIC EVOLUTION

2.1.3 LATE PERMIAN TO MIDDLE TRIASSIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION

2.1.4 LATE TRIASSIC TO EARLY CRETACEOUS TECTONIC EVOLUTION

2.1.5 LATE CRETACEOUS TO PRESENT TECTONIC EVOLUTION

2.2 REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

2.2.1 PRE-CAMBRIAN

2.2.3 CAMBRIAN

2.2.4 ORDOVICIAN

2.2.5 MIDDLE-LOWER SILURIAN

2.3 REGIONAL STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

2.3.1 FOLD ORE CONTROL STRUCTURE SYSTEM

2.3.2 FAULT STRUCTURE SYSTEM

3. PETROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT

3.1 PETROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

3.1.1 CLASTIC ROCKS AND SHALE

3.2.2 CARBONATE

3.2 SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT

4. MINERALIZATION BELTS AND GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEPOSITS

4.1 DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALIZATION BELTS

4.2 GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPICAL DEPOSITS

4.2.1 LANGXI HUOSHIYA BARITE-FLUORITE DEPOSIT

4.2.1.1 Strata

4.2.1.2 Structure

4.2.1.3 Ore body characteristics

4.2.1.4 Ore characteristics

4.2.1.5 Wall rock alteration

4.2.2 FENGJIA BARITE-FLUORITE DEPOSIT

4.2.2.1 Strata

4.2.2.2 Structure

4.2.2.3 Ore body characteristics

4.2.2.4 Ore characteristics

4.2.2.5 Wall rock alteration

4.2.3 TAIJI BARITE-FLUORITE DEPOSIT

4.2.3.1 Strata

4.2.3.2 Structure

4.2.3.3 Ore body characteristics

4.2.3.4 Ore characteristics

4.2.3.5 Wall rock alteration

4.2.4 HONGHUALING BARITE-FLUORITE DEPOSIT

4.2.4.1 Strata

4.2.4.2 Structure

4.2.4.3 Ore body characteristics

4.2.4.4 Ore characteristics

4.2.4.5 Wall rock alteration

5. ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY

5.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

5.2 GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRACE ELEMENTS

5.3 GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REES

5.3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF REE IN FLUORITE AND BARITE

5.3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF REE IN ORE-BEARING SURROUNDING ROCKS

5.4 DISCUSSION

5.4.1 REE PATTERNS

5.4.2 ΔEU AND ΔCE

5.4.3 REE VARIATION DIAGRAMS

5.4.3.1 La/Ho vs Y/Ho

5.4.3.2 Tb/Ca vs Tb/La

5.3.2.3 La/Yb vs ∑REE

6. ORE-FORMING FLUIDS

6.1 FLUID INCLUSION GEOCHEMISTRY

6.1.1 PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUID INCLUSIONS

6.1.2 HOMOGENIZATION TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY

6.1.3 FLUID INCLUSION DENSITY

6.2 PRESSURE ESTIMATION OF FLUID INCLUSIONS

6.2.1 PRESSURE ESTIMATION AND MINERALIZATION DEPTH

6.2.1.1 Driesner and Heinrich equation

6.2.1.2 Bischoff phase diagram method

6.2.1.3 Shao Jielian's empirical formula

6.2.1.4 Liu Bin’s isometric equation

6.2.2 DEGREE OF EROSION

6.2.3 OXYGEN FUGACITY ANALYSIS

6.3 VAPOR AND LIQUID COMPOSITION OF FLUID INCLUSIONS

6.3.1 GAS PHASE COMPOSITION

6.3.2 LIQUID PHASE COMPOSITION

6.4 LA-ICP-MS ANALYSIS OF SINGLE FLUID INCLUSIONS

7. ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY

7.1 H-O ISOTOPIC CHARACTERISTICS

7.2 S ISOTOPIC CHARACTERISTICS

7.3 SR ISOTOPIC CHARACTERISTICS

7.3.1 SR ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF THE HOST ROCK

7.3.2 SR ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF FLUORITE AND BARITE

7.3.3. THE SOURCE OF CA AND BA

7.4 SM-ND ISOTOPIC CHARACTERISTICS

8. THE SOURCE AND REGULARITY OF MINERALIZATION

8.1 SOURCE OF THE ORE-FORMING FLUIDS

8.2 SOURCE OF THE ORE-FORMING MATERIALS

8.3 AGE OF THE MINERALIZATION

8.4 MINERALIZATION STAGE AND MINERAL FORMATION SEQUENCE

8.4.1 PRE-ORE STAGE

8.4.1.1 Sedimentary-diagenetic enrichment substage of the basin

8.4.1.2 Precipitation and deep-cycle leaching enrichment subperiod

8.4.2 SYN-ORE STAGE

8.4.2.1 Barite-fluorite mineralization stage (I)

8.4.2.2 Carbonate stage (Ⅱ)

8.4.3 POST-ORE STAGE

8.5 ZONING OF ORE BODIES AND MINERALIZATION MODEL

8.5.1 VERTICAL ZONATION OF THE ORE BODIES

8.5.1.1 Spatial zoning characteristics of the altered roof of the barite-fluorite ore body

8.5.1.2 Spatial zoning characteristics of the ore body at the head of barite-fluorite deposits

8.5.1.3 Spatial zoning characteristics of the upper ore body in barite-fluorite deposits

8.5.1.4 Spatial zoning characteristics of the central ore body in barite-fluorite deposits

8.5.1.5 Spatial zoning characteristics of the lower ore body in barite-fluorite deposits

8.5.1.6 Spatial zoning characteristics of the tail ore body in barite-fluorite deposits

8.5.2 MINERALIZATION MODEL

8.6 MINERALIZATION REGULARITY

8.6.1 THE SPATIOTEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THE MINERALIZATION BELT

8.6.2 THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE ORE BODIES

CONCLUSION

 

O autorze

Hao Zou, Ph.D., is a professor at Chengdu University of Technology, China. He is also an associate editor of Ore Geology Reviews and Ore and Energy Resource Geology. He has hosted more than 20 research projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Geological Survey Project, and enterprise cooperation projects. He has published more than 90 academic papers in renowned academic journals, including Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Earth–Science Reviews, Lithos, Gondwana Research, Ore Geology Reviews, Geoscience Frontiers, and  International Geology Reviews, and co-published two monographs and one textbook.

Shouting Zhang is a professor at the China University of Geosciences, Beijing. He is a member of the Resource Management Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Geology and Mineral Economics; a member of the Professional Committee of Mineral Exploration of the Chinese Geological Society; a member of the editorial boards of Modern Geology and Chinese Graduate Students. He has long been engaged in teaching and scientific research on the exploration, evaluation, development, and utilization of solid mineral resources. He has co-published eight monographs, one textbook, and more than 100 academic papers.

Min Li is a Postgraduate at Chengdu University of Technology. He completed his bachelor’s degree in resource exploration engineering at the East China University of Technology in 2019. After obtaining a bachelor's degree, he entered the College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology to pursue a master degree in September 2019. During this period, he assisted his supervisor to complete the LA-ICP-MS composition analysis of a single fluid inclusion in the barite-fluorite deposit.

Zhanzhang Xu is a professor at Chengdu University of Technology. He was admitted to the Department of Geology of Nanjing University in 1956 and obtained a bachelor's degree in structural geology in 1961. For more than 50 years, he has undertaken teaching and scientific research of structural geology, geomechanics, ore (deposit) field tectonics, and comprehensive investigation and evaluation of mineral resources. He has presided over and undertaken nearly 100 national, provincial, and local cooperation projects, covering Sichuan Province, Zhejiang Province, Yunnan Province and other areas in China. He has published more than 10 monographs and more than 100 academic papers.