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Balanced Microwave Filters
ISBN-13: 9781119237617 / Angielski / Twarda / 2018 / 688 str.
Balanced Microwave Filters
ISBN-13: 9781119237617 / Angielski / Twarda / 2018 / 688 str.
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This book examines differential-mode and balanced microwave filters by discussing several implementations of practical realizations of these passive components. This book is divided into five parts. Part 1 is an introductory chapter, where the fundamentals of balanced lines, circuits and networks are presented. Part 2 covers balanced transmission lines with common-mode noise suppression and discusses strategies for common-mode suppression in balanced lines, application of common-mode filters to enhance common-mode suppression in single-band and dual-band balanced bandpass filters. Next, Part 3 examines wideband and ultra-wideband (UWB) balanced bandpass filters with intrinsic common-mode suppression. Narrowband and dual-band balanced bandpass filters with intrinsic common-mode suppression are discussed in Part 4. Finally, Part 5 covers other balanced circuits, such as balanced power dividers and combiners, and differential-mode equilizers with common-mode filtering.
Wydanie ilustrowane
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xix
PREFACE xxiii
PART 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1 INTRODUCTION TO BALANCED TRANSMISSION LINES, CIRCUITS, AND NETWORKS 3
Ferran Martín, Jordi Naqui, Francisco Medina, Lei Zhu, and Jiasheng Hong
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Balanced Versus Single–Ended Transmission Lines and Circuits 4
1.3 Common–Mode Noise 5
1.4 Fundamentals of Differential Transmission Lines 6
1.4.1 Topology 6
1.4.2 Propagating Modes 8
1.4.2.1 Even and Odd Mode 8
1.4.2.2 Common and Differential Mode 11
1.5 Scattering Parameters 13
1.5.1 Single–Ended S–Parameters 13
1.5.2 Mixed–Mode S–Parameters 16
1.6 Summary 19
References 19
PART 2 BALANCED TRANSMISSION LINES WITH COMMON–MODE NOISE SUPPRESSION 21
2 STRATEGIES FOR COMMON–MODE SUPPRESSION IN BALANCED LINES 23
Ferran Martín, Paris Vélez, Armando Fernández–Prieto, Jordi Naqui, Francisco Medina, and Jiasheng Hong
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Selective Mode Suppression in Differential Transmission Lines 25
2.3 Common–Mode Suppression Filters Based on Patterned Ground Planes 27
2.3.1 Common–Mode Filter Based on Dumbbell–Shaped Patterned Ground Plane 27
2.3.2 Common–Mode Filter Based on Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs) 30
2.3.3 Common–Mode Filter Based on Defected Ground Plane Artificial Line 40
2.3.4 Common–Mode Filter Based on C–Shaped Patterned Ground Structures 44
2.4 Common–Mode Suppression Filters Based on Electromagnetic Bandgaps (EBGs) 49
2.4.1 Common–Mode Filter Based on Nonuniform Coupled Lines 50
2.4.2 Common–Mode Filter Based on Uniplanar Compact Photonic Bandgap (UC–PBG) Structure 55
2.5 Other Approaches for Common–Mode Suppression 55
2.6 Comparison of Common–Mode Filters 60
2.7 Summary 61
Appendix 2.A: Dispersion Relation for Common–Mode Rejection Filters with Coupled CSRRs or DS–CSRRs 61
Appendix 2.B: Dispersion Relation for Common–Mode Rejection Filters with Coupled Patches Grounded through Inductive Strips 64
References 65
3 COUPLED–RESONATOR BALANCED BANDPASS FILTERS WITH COMMON–MODE SUPPRESSION DIFFERENTIAL LINES 73
Armando Fernández–Prieto, Jordi Naqui, Jesús Martel, Ferran Martín, and Francisco Medina
3.1 Introduction 73
3.2 Balanced Coupled–Resonator Filters 74
3.2.1 Single–Band Balanced Bandpass Filter Based on Folded Stepped–Impedance Resonators 75
3.2.2 Balanced Filter Loaded with Common–Mode Rejection Sections 79
3.2.3 Balanced Dual–Band Bandpass Filter Loaded with Common–Mode Rejection Sections 82
3.3 Summary 88
References 88
PART 3 WIDEBAND AND ULTRA–WIDEBAND (UWB) BALANCED BAND PASS FILTERS WITH INTRINSIC COMMON–MODE SUPPRESSION 91
4 WIDEBAND AND UWB BALANCED BANDPASS FILTERS BASED ON BRANCH–LINE TOPOLOGY 93
Teck Beng Lim and Lei Zhu
4.1 Introduction 93
4.2 Branch–Line Balanced Wideband Bandpass Filter 97
4.3 Balanced Bandpass Filter for UWB Application 105
4.4 Balanced Wideband Bandpass Filter with Good Common–Mode Suppression 111
4.5 Highly Selective Balanced Wideband Bandpass Filters 116
4.6 Summary 131
References 131
5 WIDEBAND AND UWB COMMON–MODE SUPPRESSED DIFFERENTIAL–MODE FILTERS BASED ON COUPLED LINE SECTIONS 135
Qing–Xin Chu, Shi–Xuan Zhang, and Fu–Chang Chen
5.1 Balanced UWB Filter by Combining UWB BPF with UWB BSF 135
5.2 Balanced Wideband Bandpass Filter Using Coupled Line Stubs 142
5.3 Balanced Wideband Filter Using Internal Cross–Coupling 148
5.4 Balanced Wideband Filter Using Stub–Loaded Ring Resonator 155
5.5 Balanced Wideband Filter Using Modified Coupled Feed Lines and Coupled Line Stubs 161
5.6 Summary 173
References 174
6 WIDEBAND DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUITS USING T–SHAPED STRUCTURES AND RING RESONATORS 177
Wenquan Che and Wenjie Feng
6.1 Introduction 177
6.2 Wideband Differential Bandpass Filters Using T–Shaped Resonators 179
6.2.1 Mixed–Mode S–Parameters for Four–Port Balanced Circuits 179
6.2.2 T–Shaped Structures with Open/Shorted Stubs 184
6.2.2.1 T–Shaped Structure with Shorted Stubs 184
6.2.2.2 T–Shaped Structure with Open Stubs 185
6.2.3 Wideband Bandpass Filters without Cross Coupling 187
6.2.3.1 Differential–Mode Excitation 189
6.2.3.2 Common–Mode Excitation 191
6.2.4 Wideband Bandpass Filter with Cross Coupling 193
6.3 Wideband Differential Bandpass Filters Using Half–/Full–Wavelength Ring Resonators 201
6.3.1 Differential Filter Using Half–Wavelength Ring Resonators 201
6.3.2 Differential Filter Using Full–Wavelength Ring Resonators 206
6.3.3 Differential Filter Using Open/Shorted Coupled Lines 215
6.3.4 Comparisons of Several Wideband Balanced Filters Based on Different Techniques 220
6.4 Wideband Differential Networks Using Marchand Balun 223
6.4.1 S–Parameter for Six–Port Differential Network 223
6.4.2 Wideband In–Phase Differential Network 227
6.4.3 Wideband Out–of–Phase Differential Network 236
6.5 Summary 244
References 245
7 UWB AND NOTCHED–BAND UWB DIFFERENTIAL FILTERS USING MULTILAYER AND DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURES (DGSS) 249
Jian–Xin Chen, Li–Heng Zhou, and Quan Xue
7.1 Conventional Multilayer Microstrip–to–Slotline Transition (MST) 250
7.2 Differential MST 251
7.2.1 Differential MST with a Two–Layer Structure 251
7.2.2 Differential MST with Three–Layer Structure 252
7.3 UWB Differential Filters Based on the MST 253
7.3.1 Differential Wideband Filters Based on the Conventional MST 253
7.3.2 Differential Wideband Filters Based on the Differential MST 255
7.4 Differential Wideband Filters Based on the Strip–Loaded Slotline Resonator 262
7.4.1 Differential Wideband Filters Using Triple–Mode Slotline Resonator 265
7.4.2 Differential Wideband Filters Using Quadruple–Mode Slotline Resonator 267
7.5 UWB Differential Notched–Band Filter 270
7.5.1 UWB Differential Notched–Band Filter Based on the Traditional MST 270
7.5.2 UWB Differential Notched–Band Filter Based on the Differential MST 272
7.6 Differential UWB Filters with Enhanced Stopband Suppression 277
7.7 Summary 280
References 281
8 APPLICATION OF SIGNAL INTERFERENCE TECHNIQUE TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WIDEBAND DIFFERENTIAL FILTERS 283
Wei Qin and Quan Xue
8.1 Basic Concept of the Signal Interference Technique 283
8.1.1 Fundamental Theory 284
8.1.2 One Filter Example Based on Ring Resonator 287
8.1.3 Simplified Circuit Model 288
8.2 Signal Interference Technique for Wideband Differential Filters 290
8.2.1 Circuit Model of Wideband Differential Bandpass Filter 290
8.2.2 S–Matrix for Differential Bandpass Filters 292
8.3 Several Designs of Wideband Differential Bandpass Filters 293
8.3.1 Differential Bandpass Filter Based on Wideband Marchand Baluns 293
8.3.2 Differential Bandpass Filter Based on –Type UWB 180 Phase Shifters 299
8.3.3 Differential Bandpass Filter Based on DSPSL UWB 180 Phase Inverter 302
8.3.3.1 Differential–Mode Analysis 305
8.3.3.2 Common–Mode Analysis 305
8.3.3.3 Filter Design and Measurement 308
8.4 Summary 308
References 309
9 WIDEBAND BALANCED FILTERS BASED ON MULTI–SECTION MIRRORED STEPPED IMPEDANCE RESONATORS (SIRs) 311
Ferran Martín, Jordi Selga, Paris Vélez, Marc Sans, Jordi Bonache, Ana Rodríguez, Vicente E. Boria, Armando Fernández–Prieto, and Francisco Medina
9.1 Introduction 311
9.2 The Multi–Section Mirrored Stepped Impedance Resonator (SIR) 312
9.3 Wideband Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on
7–Section Mirrored SIRs Coupled Through Admittance Inverters 317
9.3.1 Finding the Optimum Filter Schematic 319
9.3.2 Layout Synthesis 325
9.3.2.1 Resonator Synthesis 325
9.3.2.2 Determination of the Line Width 327
9.3.2.3 Optimization of the Line Length (Filter Cell Synthesis) 327
9.3.3 A Seventh–Order Filter Example 330
9.3.4 Comparison with Other Approaches 334
9.4 Compact Ultra–Wideband (UWB) Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on 5–Section Mirrored SIRs and Patch Capacitors 336
9.4.1 Topology and Circuit Model of the Series Resonators 337
9.4.2 Filter Design 341
9.4.3 Comparison with Other Approaches 345
9.5 Summary 346
Appendix 9.A: General Formulation of Aggressive Space Mapping (ASM) 347
References 349
10 METAMATERIAL–INSPIRED BALANCED FILTERS 353
Ferran Martín, Paris Vélez, Ali Karami–Horestani, Francisco Medina, and Christophe Fumeaux
10.1 Introduction 353
10.2 Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on Open Split Ring ResonatorS (OSRRS) and Open Complementary Split Ring Resonators (OCSRRS) 354
10.2.1 Topology of the OSRR and OCSRR 354
10.2.2 Filter Design and Illustrative Example 356
10.3 Balanced Filters Based on S–Shaped Complementary Split Ring Resonators (S–CSRRs) 363
10.3.1 Principle for Balanced Bandpass Filter Design and Modeling 365
10.3.2 Illustrative Example 367
10.4 Summary 369
References 369
11 WIDEBAND BALANCED FILTERS ON SLOTLINE RESONATOR WITH INTRINSIC COMMON–MODE REJECTION 373
Xin Guo, Lei Zhu, and Wen Wu
11.1 Introduction 373
11.2 Wideband Balanced Bandpass Filter on Slotline MMR 375
11.2.1 Working Mechanism 375
11.2.2 Synthesis Method 378
11.2.3 Geometry and Layout 382
11.2.4 Fabrication and Experimental Verification 388
11.3 Wideband Balanced BPF on Strip–Loaded Slotline Resonator 392
11.3.1 Strip–Loaded Slotline Resonator 392
11.3.2 Wideband Balanced Bandpass Filters 396
11.3.2.1 Wideband Balanced BPF on Strip–Loaded Triple–Mode Slotline Resonator 397
11.3.2.2 Wideband Balanced BPF on Strip–Loaded Quadruple–Mode Slotline Resonator 403
11.4 Wideband Balanced Bandpass Filter on Hybrid MMR 408
11.4.1 Hybrid MMR 408
11.4.2 Wideband Balanced Bandpass Filters 416
11.5 Summary 420
References 420
PART 4 NARROWBAND AND DUAL–BAND BALANCED BANDPASS FILTERS WITH INTRINSIC COMMON–MODE SUPPRESSION 423
12 NARROWBAND COUPLED–RESONATOR BALANCED BANDPASS FILTERS AND DIPLEXERS 425
Armando Fernández–Prieto, Francisco Medina, and Jesús Martel
12.1 Introduction 425
12.2 Coupled–Resonator Balanced Filters with Intrinsic Common–Mode Rejection 426
12.2.1 Loop and SIR Resonator Filters with Mixed Coupling 427
12.2.1.1 Quasi–elliptic Response BPF: First Example 428
12.2.1.2 Quasi–elliptic Response BPF: Second Example 434
12.2.2 Magnetically Coupled Open–Loop and FSIR Balanced Filters 439
12.2.2.1 Filters with Magnetic Coupling: First Example 439
12.2.2.2 Filters with Magnetic Coupling: Second Example 447
12.2.3 Interdigital Line Resonators Filters 449
12.2.3.1 ILR Filter Design Example 450
12.2.4 Dual–Mode and Dual–Behavior Resonators for Balanced Filter Design 451
12.2.4.1 Dual–Mode Square Patch Resonator Filters 453
12.2.4.2 Filters Based on Dual–Behavior Resonators 458
12.2.5 LTCC–Based Multilayer Balanced Filter 464
12.2.6 Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on Dielectric Resonators 466
12.3 Loaded Resonators for Common–Mode Suppression Improvement 469
12.3.1 Capacitively, Inductively, and Resistively Center–Loaded Resonators 470
12.3.1.1 Open–Loop UIR–Loaded Filter 470
12.3.1.2 Folded SIR Loaded Filter 476
12.3.2 Filters with Defected Ground Structures (DGS) 484
12.3.2.1 Control of the Transmission Zeros 488
12.3.3 Multilayer Loaded Resonators 490
12.3.3.1 Design Example 492
12.4 Coupled Line Balanced Bandpass Filter 493
12.4.1 Type–II Design Example 495
12.5 Balanced Diplexers 499
12.5.1 Unbalanced–to–Balanced Diplexer Based on Uniform Impedance Stub–Loaded Coupled Resonators 500
12.5.1.1 Resonator Geometry 500
12.5.1.2 Unbalanced–to–Balanced Diplexer Design 502
12.5.2 Example Two: Balanced–to–Balanced Diplexer Based on UIRs and Short–Ended Parallel–Coupled Lines 505
12.6 Summary 508
References 510
13 DUAL–BAND BALANCED FILTERS BASED ON LOADED AND COUPLED RESONATORS 515
Jin Shi and Quan Xue
13.1 Dual–Band Balanced Filter with Loaded Uniform Impedance Resonators 516
13.1.1 Center–Loaded Uniform Impedance Resonator 516
13.1.2 Dual–Band Balanced Filter Using the Uniform Impedance Resonator with Center–Loaded Lumped Elements 520
13.1.3 Dual–Band Balanced Filter Using Stub–Loaded Uniform Impedance Resonators 526
13.2 Dual–Band Balanced Filter with Loaded Stepped–Impedance Resonators 528
13.2.1 Center–Loaded Stepped–Impedance Resonator 528
13.2.2 Dual–Band Balanced Filter Using Stepped–Impedance Resonators with Center–Loaded Lumped Elements 531
13.2.3 Dual–Band Balanced Filter Using Stub–Loaded Stepped–Impedance Resonators 535
13.3 Dual–Band Balanced Filter Based on Coupled Resonators 538
13.3.1 Dual–Band Balanced Filter with Coupled Stepped–Impedance Resonators 538
13.3.2 Dual–Band Balanced Filter with Coupled Stub–Loaded Short–Ended Resonators 542
13.4 Summary 546
References 547
14 DUAL–BAND BALANCED FILTERS IMPLEMENTED IN SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE (SIW) TECHNOLOGY 549
Wen Wu, Jianpeng Wang, and Chunxia Zhou
14.1 Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Cavity 550
14.2 Closely Proximate Dual–Band Balanced Filter Design 551
14.3 Dual–Band Balanced Filter Design Utilizing High–Order Modes in SIW Cavities 555
14.4 Summary 563
References 563
PART 5 OTHER BALANCED CIRCUITS 565
15 BALANCED POWER DIVIDERS/COMBINERS 567
Lin–Sheng Wu, Bin Xia, and Jun–Fa Mao
15.1 Introduction 567
15.2 Balanced–to–Balanced Wilkinson Power Divider with Microstrip Line 569
15.2.1 Mixed–Mode Analysis 569
15.2.1.1 Mixed–Mode Scattering Matrix of a Balanced–to–Balanced Power Divider 569
15.2.1.2 Constraint Rules of Balanced–to–Balanced Power Divider 571
15.2.1.3 Odd– and Even–Mode Scattering Matrices of Balanced–to–Balanced Power Divider 572
15.2.2 A Transmission–Line Balanced–to–Balanced Power Divider 572
15.2.2.1 Even–Mode Circuit Model 572
15.2.2.2 Odd–Mode Circuit Model 573
15.2.2.3 Scattering Matrix of the Balanced–to–Balanced Power Divider 575
15.2.3 Theoretical Result 575
15.2.4 Simulated and Measured Results 576
15.3 Balanced–to–Balanced Gysel Power Divider with Half–Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) 580
15.3.1 Conversion from Single–Ended Circuit to Balanced Form 580
15.3.2 Half–Mode SIW Ring Structure 581
15.3.3 Results and Discussion 583
15.4 Balanced–to–Balanced Gysel Power Divider with Arbitrary Power Division 585
15.4.1 Analysis and Design 585
15.4.2 Results and Discussion 587
15.5 Balanced–to–Balanced Gysel Power Divider with Bandpass Filtering Response 590
15.5.1 Coupled–Resonator Circuit Model 590
15.5.2 Realization in Transmission Lines 591
15.5.2.1 Internal Coupling Coefficient 592
15.5.2.2 External Q Factor 594
15.5.3 Results and Discussion 595
15.6 Filtering Balanced–to–Balanced Power Divider with Unequal Power Division 598
15.7 Dual–Band Balanced–to–Balanced Power Divider 599
15.7.1 Analysis and Design 599
15.7.2 Results and Discussion 601
15.8 Summary 603
References 603
16 DIFFERENTIAL–MODE EQUALIZERS WITH COMMON–MODE FILTERING 607
Tzong–Lin Wu and Chiu–Chih Chou
16.1 Introduction 607
16.2 Design Considerations 610
16.2.1 Equalizer Design 610
16.2.2 Common–Mode Filter Design 612
16.3 First Design 613
16.3.1 Proposed Topology 613
16.3.2 Odd–Mode Analysis 616
16.3.2.1 Equalizer Optimization in Time Domain 617
16.3.3 Even–Mode Analysis 623
16.3.4 Measurement Validation 628
16.4 Second Design 633
16.4.1 Proposed Circuit and Analysis 633
16.4.2 Realization and Measurement 637
16.4.2.1 Realization 637
16.4.2.2 Common–Mode Noise Suppression 638
16.4.2.3 Differential–Mode Equalization 640
16.5 Summary 641
References 641
INDEX 645
Ferran Martín, IEEE Fellow, is a Full Professor of Electronics at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain.
Lei Zhu, IEEE Fellow, is a Full Professor in the Faculty of Science and Technology at the University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
Jiasheng Hong, IEEE Fellow, is a Full Professor in the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering at Heriot–Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
Francisco Medina, IEEE Fellow, is a Full Professor of Electromagnetism at Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
This book presents and discusses strategies for the design and implementation of common–mode suppressed balanced microwave filters, including narrowband, wideband, and ultra–wideband filters
This book examines differential–mode, or balanced, microwave filters by discussing several implementations of practical realizations of these passive components. Topics covered include selective mode suppression, designs based on distributed and semi–lumped approaches, multilayer technologies, defect ground structures, coupled resonators, metamaterials, interference techniques, and substrate integrated waveguides, among others.
Divided into five parts, Balanced Microwave Filters begins with an introduction that presents the fundamentals of balanced lines, circuits, and networks. Part 2 covers balanced transmission lines with common–mode noise suppression, including several types of common–mode filters and the application of such filters to enhance common–mode suppression in balanced bandpass filters. Next, Part 3 examines wideband and ultra–wideband (UWB) balanced bandpass filters with intrinsic common–mode suppression. Narrowband and dual–band balanced bandpass filters with intrinsic common–mode suppression are discussed in Part 4. Finally, Part 5 covers other balanced circuits, such as balanced power dividers and combiners, and differential–mode equalizers with common–mode filtering. In addition, the book:
- Explores a research topic of increasing interest due to the growing demand of balanced transmission lines and circuits in modern communication systems
- Includes contributions from prominent worldwide experts in the field
- Provides readers with the necessary knowledge to analyze and synthesize balanced filters and circuits
Balanced Microwave Filters is an important text for R&D engineers, professionals, and specialists working on the topic of microwave filters. Post graduate students and Masters students in the field of microwave engineering and wireless communications, especially those involved in courses related to microwave filters, and balanced filters and circuits will also find it to be a vital resource.
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