Axon Growth and Guidance

ISBN-13: 9781441926340 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 170 str.

Dominique Bagnard

Opis

The complexarchitectureofneuronal networks togetherwith the extraordinary associated functions make the nervous system a fascinating biological structure. The considerable work performed to explore this cellular machinery is nowadays successfulbecause the mysteryofnervous system developmentisbeing unravelled. As described in their outstanding review published 10 years ago in Science.' Marc Tessier-Lavigne and Corey Goodman-the pioneers of the molecular era of axon guidance-summarized the assembly of nervous system connections as a subtle game of attraction and repulsion of neuronal growth cones. The cellular ballet ensuring the formation of billions of synapses, which ultimately gives rise to the highest cognitive functions, is primarily orchestrated by a step-by-step mechanism of growth driven by multiple molecular cues. While our general concept of axon guidance remains identical, a profound evolution ofour knowledge ofthe molecular identityofthe guidance cues together with their interactions and signalling pathways occurred over the past ten years. This book proposes an exhaustive and updated view ofthe current knowledge ofthe molecular and cellular mechanisms ensuring axon growth and guidance. An introductory chapterby C. Bouquetand F.Nothias will remind the readers ofall the features ofa growth cone and the mechanisms controlling its growth. From there, one enters a fabulous journey with a growth cone, a Tom Thumb story filled with molecular encounters and complex interactions leading to one ofthe most fantastic developmental achievements: the nervous system wiring.

Spis treści

CONTENT Contents xiii PREFACE ........................................................................................................... vii 1. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF AXONAL GROWTH ........................ 1 Céline Bouquet and Fatiha Nothias Introduction .........................................................................................................................1 The Neuronal Growth Cone and its Cytoskeletal Organization ..................................... 1 Mechanisms of Axonal Elongation ..................................................................................... 6 Regulation of the Cytoskeleton by Extracellular Cues, Role of Rho-GTPases .................................................................................................. 7 Growth Cone of Regenerating Axons .............................................................................. 10 2. NETRINS AND THEIR RECEPTORS........................................................ 17 Simon W. Moore, Marc Tessier-Lavigne and Timothy E. Kennedy Introduction .......................................................................................................................17 Netrin Structure .................................................................................................................19 Functional Roles for Netrins during Nervous System Development ............................21 Netrin Signal Transduction...............................................................................................22 Netrin in the Adult Nervous System ................................................................................ 25 Conclusion and Perspectives ............................................................................................26 3. EPH RECEPTORS AND EPHRIN LIGANDS IN AXON GUIDANCE........................................................................ 32 Michael Reber, Robert Hindges and Greg Lemke Introduction .......................................................................................................................32 Molecular Structure .......................................................................................................... 32 Mechanisms of Signal Transduction ................................................................................ 34 Functional Implication during Nervous System Development ..................................... 39 Conclusion and Perspectives ............................................................................................44 4. ROLE OF SEMAPHORINS DURING AXON GROWTH AND GUIDANCE ................................................................................ 50 Eric Koncina, Lise Roth, Bertand Gonthier and Dominique Bagnard Introduction .......................................................................................................................50 Functional Roles of Semaphorins during Axon Guidance ............................................. 50 Receptors of Secreted-Semaphorins: The Neuropilins .................................................. 52 Receptors of Transmembrane-Semaphorins: The Plexin Family .................................53 Other Receptors Associated with Semaphorin Signaling .............................................. 54 Intracellular Signal Transduction ....................................................................................56 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 59 xiv Contents 5. SLITS AND THEIR RECEPTORS .............................................................. 65 Alain