1 The History and Development of Auditory Brainstem Implants 2 Neuroanatomy and Physiology Relevant to Auditory Brainstem Implants 3 Imaging of the Cochlea, Cochlear Nerve, Brainstem, and Auditory System 4 Clinical Indications for ABI: Patient Selection and Alternatives 5 Surgery for ABI: The Translabyrinthine Approach 6 The Retrosigmoid Approach in Auditory Brainstem Implantation 7 Surgery for ABI: Retrolabyrinthine Approach 8 Auditory Brainstem Implantation in Children: Evaluation and Surgery 9 Pediatric Auditory Brainstem Implantation: Colletti Team Experience and Special Considerations 10 ABI Engineering and Intraoperative Monitoring: Cochlear 11 ABI Engineering and Intraoperative Monitoring: MED-EL 12 Programming, Rehabilitation, and Outcome Assessment for Adults: I 13 Programming, Rehabilitation, and Outcome Assessment for Adults: II 14 Outcomes in Pediatric ABI: The Hacettepe University Experience 15 Auditory Brainstem Implantation in Tone Language Speakers 16 Variability in Performance of Auditory Brainstem Implants 17 ABI Program Development 18 Auditory Midbrain Implant 19 Future Development: Penetrating Multisite Microelectrodes as Cochlear Nucleus Implant 20 Future Developments: Conformable ABI Arrays and Light Stimulation of Auditory Brainstem Using Optogenetics