Atomic and Molecular Physics of Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion

ISBN-13: 9781461337652 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 576 str.

Opis

The need for long-term energy sources, in particular for our highly technological society, has become increasingly apparent during the last decade. One of these sources, of tremendous poten- tial importance, is controlled thermonuclear fusion. The goal of controlled thermonuclear fusion research is to produce a high-temperature, completely ionized plasma in which the nuclei of two hydrogen isotopes, deuterium and tritium, undergo enough fusion reactions so that the nuclear energy released by these fusion reactions can be transformed into heat and electricity with an overall gain in energy. This requires average kinetic energies for the nuclei of the order of 10 keV, corresponding to temperatures of about 100 million degrees. Moreover, the plasma must remain confined for a certain time interval, during which sufficient energy must be produced to heat the plasma, overcome the energy losses and supply heat to the power station. At present, two main approaches are being investigated to achieve these objectives: magnetic confinement and inertial con- finement. In magnetic confinement research, a low-density plasma is heated by electric currents, assisted by additional heating methods such as radio-frequency heating or neutral beam injection, and the confinement is achieved by using various magnetic field configurations. Examples of these are the plasmas produced in stellarator and tokamak devices.

Spis treści

Overview of Fusion Energy Research.- General Principles of Magnetic Confinement.- General Principles of Inertial Confinement.- II. The Calculation and Measurement of Atomic and Molecular Processes Relevant to Fusion.- Recent Progress in Theoretical Methods for Atomic Collisions.- Current Theoretical Techniques for Electron-Atom and Electron-Ion Scattering.- Experimental Aspects of Electron Impact Ionization and Excitation of Positive Ions.- The Theory of Charge Exchange and Ionization by Heavy Particles.- Experiments on Electron Capture and Ionization by Multiply Charged Ions.- Rydberg States.- III. The Atomic and Molecular Physics of Controlled Thermonuclear Research Devices.- Atomic and Molecular Processes in High-Temperature, Low-Density Magnetically Confined Plasmas.- Atomic Processes in High-Denstiy Plasmas.- The Plasma Boundary Region and the Role of Atomic and Molecular Processes.- Neutral Particle Beam Production and Injection.- Spectroscopic Plasma Diagnostics.- Particle Diagnostic for Magnetic Fusion Experiments.- Lecturers.- Participants.