Atmospheric Physics: Background - Methods - Trends

ISBN-13: 9783642301827 / Angielski / Twarda / 2012 / 877 str.

Ulrich Schumann

Opis

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), this book presents more than 50 chapters highlighting results of the institute s research.The book provides an up-to-date, in-depth survey across the entire field of atmospheric science, including atmospheric dynamics, radiation, cloud physics, chemistry, climate, numerical simulation, remote sensing, instruments and measurements, as well as atmospheric acoustics.The authors have provided a readily comprehensible and self-contained presentation of the complex field of atmospheric science. The topics are of direct relevance for aerospace science and technology. Future research challenges are identified."

Spis treści

 

Preface.- Authors and affiliations.- Background.- The atmosphere – vast, shallow, and full of subtleties.- Chemical composition of the atmosphere.- Aerosols in the atmosphere.- Earth’s radiation budget – the driver for weather and climate.- Light scattering by molecules in the atmosphere.- 5  Greenhouse effect, radiative forcing and climate sensitivity.- Thunderstorms thermodynamics.- Thunderstorms – trace species generator.- Ice supersaturation.- Atmospheric ice formation processes.- Detection and analysis of water vapor transport.- Long-range transport of air pollutants.- Atmospheric acoustics.- Aircraft wake vortices – from fundamental research to operational application.- Contrails – a visible aviation induced climate impact.- Methods.-Measurements of nitrogen oxides and related trace gases.- Chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurements of atmospheric trace gases.- In-situ measurement methods for atmospheric aerosol particles and cloud elements.- Dropsondes and radiosondes for atmospheric measurements.- Lightning detection.- Cloud and precipitation radar.- Weather nowcasting and short term forecasting.- Lagrangian modeling of transport and dispersion of air constituents.- Radiative transfer – methods and applications.- Ice cloud properties from space.- Contrail detection in satellite images.- Lidar for aerosol remote sensing.- Measuring water vapor with differential absorption lidar.- Aerosol classification by advanced backscatter lidar techniques.- Wind lidar for atmospheric research.- Tunable light sources for lidar applications.- Advanced numerical modeling of turbulent atmospheric flows.- Cloud resolving modeling of the evolution of contrails.- Global atmospheric aerosol modeling.- Earth system modeling.- Evaluating climate-chemistry response and mitigation options with AirClim.- Research trends.- The transition from FALCON to HALO era airborne atmospheric research.- The Eyjafjalla eruption in 2010 and the volcanic impact on aviation.- Mitigating the impact of adverse weather on aviation.- Probabilistic weather forecasting.-Aircraft emissions at cruise and plume processes.- Cirrus clouds and their model representation.- Climate impact of transport.- Climate optimized air transport.- Recent and future evolution of the stratospheric ozone layer.- How good are chemistry-climate models?.- Methane modeling – from process modeling to global climate models.- Towards a greenhouse gas lidar in space.- The space-borne wind lidar mission ADM-Aeolus.- Cloud-aerosol-radiation interaction – towards the EarthCARE satellite mission.- Roots, foundation, and achievements of the “Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre”.- Keywords and cross-references.- Acronyms and abbreviations.- Constants and units