Atmospheric Ozone as a Climate Gas: General Circulation Model Simulations

ISBN-13: 9783642798719 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 461 str.

Wei-Chyung Wang; Ivar S. Isaksen

Opis

One of the major findings in the 1992 IPCC report and the 1994 World Meteorological Organization's Ozone Assessment report was the identification of possible climatic effects over the last few decades resulting from anthropogenic ally-induced changes in atmospheric ozone. The initial quantitative estimates of their direct climatic effects indicate significant impacts, though large uncertainties exist and studies using general circulation models are needed. A point that needs to be addressed in particular is that atmospheric ozone differs from greenhouse gases in that it is formed and destroyed by chemical processes in the atmosphere due to interaction involving a large number of source gases (e. g. H0, NO ' CO, 2 x NMHC, N0, CH and the CFCs). Therefore, the indirect effect of climate-chemistry 2 4 interaction involving atmospheric ozone is an important aspect for consideration in general circulation models. During the last few years, there have been several international workshops related to atmospheric ozone. In 1987, a NATO workshop on atmospheric ozone was held in Lillehammer, Norway. More recently, two workshops were organized to discuss the topic "General Circulation Model Study of Climate-Chemistry Interaction. " The first was held August 19-21, 1992, in Oslo, Norway, and the second held May 26-27,1993, in Albany, New York, USA. The two workshops were IAMAP activities under the Trace Constituent Working Group.

Spis treści

1 Session Summaries.- I: Upper Tropospheric/Lower Stratospheric Ozone Climatology.- II: Chemical Modeling.- III: Climate Modeling.- IV: Issues Relevant to the Development of Coupled Chermstry/Climate Models.- 2 Research Studies.- Climate Change and Its Effect on Tropospheric Ozone.- Simulations of Stratospheric Ozone in a Climate Model.- GCM Modelling of the Stratospheric Dynamics and Its Coupling with Chemistry.- Analysis of 25 Years of Regular Ozone Soundings at Uccle (Belgium).- Concurrent Ozone and Temperature Trends Derived from Ozonesonde Stations.- Responses in Tropospheric Chemistry to Changes in UV Fluxes, Temperatures and Water Vapour Densities.- On the Interrelationship Between Recent Climate Trends, Ozone Changes and Increased Greenhouse Gas Forcing.- Mid-Latitude Stratospheric-Tropospheric Ozone Exchange — A Trend Study.- Radiative Forcing by Tropospheric Ozone Changes Due to Increased Emissions of CH4, CO and Nox.- The Role of Convection in the Vertical Distribution of Ozone and Precursors in the Troposphere.- Effects of Aqueous-Phase Chemistry on Tropospheric O3 and Odd Hydrogen.- Ozone Chemistry Changes in the Troposphere and Consequent Radiative Forcing of Climate.- A GCM Study of the Climatic Effect of 1979–1992 Ozone Trend.- Ozone Monitoring in Taiwan.- Experimental Determinations of Meridional Distribution and Long Term Evolution of Tropospheric Ozone — Consequences on Radiative Forcing.- Challenges in Tropospheric Ozone and Predicting Its Future Trend.- Chemistry of Ozone in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere: Perspectives from Laboratory Studies.- Stratospheric Ozone Research in Finland, Focusing on Atmospheric Modelling.- Radiative Forcing Due to Changes in Ozone: A Comparison of Different Codes.- Ozone Trends from Satellite Data.- Connections Between Atmospheric Ozone, the Climate System and UV-B Radiation in the Arctic.- Tropopause Fold Formation in an Explosive Cyclogenesis.- Development of Coupled Models at LASG.- The Recent Variability of Atmospheric Ozone in the Middle Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation.- Studies on Atmospheric Ozone over China.- Authors and Participants.- Author Index.