Atlas of Plastics Additives: Analysis by Spectrometric Methods

ISBN-13: 9783642626968 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 539 str.

Dietrich O. Hummel; Dietrich O. Hummel

Opis

Instrumental, especially spectrometric methods are widely used in analytical laboratories for identification and quantitative determination of complex organic systems. The author has shown this in earlier works for polymeric materials of all kind. In this book he describes the application of vibrational (FTIR, UV, Raman) and mass spectrometries and of other instrumental techniques for identification and structure elucidation of plastics additives, e.g., antioxidants, stabilisers, plasticisers, pigments, rubber chemicals. The state of the art is compressed in numerous tables and figures; these also allow the interpretation of spectra. Especially remarkable is a collection of the FTIR spectra of 780 selected additives, together with structures and legends. This book is especially useful for the practitioner in plastics processing and production as well as plastics additives industry for the quality control of educts.

Recenzje

FROM THE REVIEWS:

POLYMER NEWS
"The first part . . . is a good practical coverage of theory and applications of Infrared, Raman, UV-VIS, Mass, NMR, X-Ray Diffraction, Atomic Emission, Atomic Absorption Methods, in every case with a utilitarian orientation. There is also a short but helpful chapter on methods for separating additives from plastics. The coverage is strong on methods of interpreting the instrument data for identification purposes, and there are many useful tables of characteristic infrared band assignments, mass fragment assignments, and the like. . . . It is likely that the book will prove to be a valuable tool . . . The first part of the book could provide a 'quick study' or refresher for industrial chemists getting started in various techniques of polymer analysis."

Spis treści

A Therory und Practical Applications.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Extraction, Solution Precipitation and Separation of Additives.- 2.1 Extraction.- 2.2 Solution Precipitation.- 2.3 Separation of Additive Mixtures into Components.- 3 Infrared Spectrometry.- 3.1 Fundamentals.- 3.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement.- 3.3 Conventional and Computer-Supported Interpretation of IR Spectra.- 3.4 Some Aspects of FTIR Spectrometry.- 3.4.1 Storage of Spectra in the Computer.- 3.4.2 The Search for Similarity and Equality (“Identity”).- 3.5 Recent Work in IR Spectrometry of Additives.- 3.5.1 Additives with Preventive or Curative Properties.- 3.5.1.1 Empirical IR Band Assignments.- 3.5.1.2 Separation of Additives and Identification by (FT)IR Spectrometry.- 3.5.1.3 Solubility of Stabilisers and Antioxidants in Polymers.- 3.5.1.4 ATR Investigation of Rubber Surfaces.- 3.5.1.5 Quantitative 1RS Analysis of Additives.- 3.5.2 Pigments and Fillers.- 3.5.2.1 Organic Pigments.- 3.5.2.2 Inorganic Pigments and Fillers.- 3.5.2.3 Pigments and Other Components in Fine Art and Historical Objects.- 3.5.3 Plasticisers.- 4 Raman Spectrometry.- 4.1 Fundamentals.- 4.2 Applications of RS in the Field of Plastics Additives.- 4.3 RS Combined with Information-Enhancing Techniques for the Identification of Dyes and Pigments.- 4.3.1 Subtracted Shifted Resonance RS.- 4.3.2 RS Combined with Light Microscopy.- 5 Spectrometry in the Ultraviolet and Visible Regions.- 5.1 Fundamentals.- 5.2 Antioxidants.- 5.3 Light Stabilisers.- 5.4 Pigments.- 5.5 Plasticisers.- 6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry.- 6.1 Fundamentals.- 6.2 Applications.- 7 Mass Spectrometry.- 7.1 Fundamentals.- 7.1.1 Mass Separation.- 7.1.2 Ionisation.- 7.1.3 Ion Detection.- 7.2 Mass Spectrometry with Electron Impact Ionisation (EIMS).- 7.3 Mass Spectrometry with Low-Fragmentation Ionisation.- 7.3.1 (Pyrolysis-) Field Ionisation (FI)and Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry (Py-FIMS, FDMS).- 7.3.2 Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (CIMS).- 7.3.3 Fast-Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry (FAB-MS).- 7.3.4 Laser-Desorption Mass Spectrometry.- 7.3.4.1 Matrix-Assisted Laser-Desorption Ionisation Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry.- 7.3.4.2 Laser-Desorption FT-Ion Cyclotron Resonance (LD/FT-ICR) Mass Spectrometry.- 7.4 Mass Spectrometry with Pre-Separated Mixtures (GC-, HPLC-, TLC-MS).- 7.4.1 On-Line Coupling of GC with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).- 7.4.2 On-Line Coupling of Separation Techniques for Non-Volatile Substances with Mass Spectrometry.- 7.4.3 A Typical Investigation.- 7.5 Mass Spectrometry with a Second Mass Spectrometer as Analyser (MS-MS, Tandem MS).- 7.5.1 Fundamentals.- 7.5.2 MS-MS of Additives.- 8 Structure Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction.- 8.1 Fundamentals.- 8.2 Inorganic Pigments and Fillers.- 8.3 Organic Pigments.- 9 Elemental Analysis.- 9.1 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy.- 9.2 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.- 9.3 Analysis of Surfaces: X-Ray Induced Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS).- 10 Bibliography.- 10.1 Books,Monographs,Reviews.- 10.2 Contributions in Journals.- 10.2.1 Additives in General.- 10.2.2 Antioxidants.- 10.2.3 Pigments,Fillers.- 10.2.4 Plasticisers.- 10.2.5 Stablishing Agents.- 10.2.6 Rubber Chemicals.- 10.2.7 Flameproofing and Blowing Agents,Antistatics,Biocides and Other Additives.- 10.2.8 Computer-Aided Data Evaluation,Special Techniques in Instrumental Analysis.- B FTIR Spectral Atlas of Plastics Additives.- 1 Decimal Classification of Additives.- 2 User’s Guide.- FTIR Spectra of Additives.- 3 Chemical Name Index.- 4 Trivial / Trade Names.- 4.1 Pigment CIE Name Index.