Atherosclerosis IV: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium

ISBN-13: 9783642953101 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 797 str.

G. Schettler; Y. Goto; Y. Hata

Opis

The presence of monotypism in thick atherosclerotic lesions of black females with G-6-PD mosaicism first reported by the Benditts (1973) has been confirmed in two other laboratories. However, we believe that it is premature to conclude that the finding of monotypism necessarily indicates monoclonal origin of athero sclerotic lesions. We have suggested two alternative explanations for the obser vation of monotypism which we believe must be shown to be invalid before accept ing monoclonal origin as the only plausible way to account for the observed G-6-PD monotypism. One of these two alternatives relates to clonal heterogeneity of cell growth potential, i. e., during the course of progressive growth of a le sion, progeny of one cell may overgrow all others in a portion of the lesion. The other alternative is that one of the G-6-PD alleles may be linked to genes that afford a preferential survival characteristic in the abnormal environment present in atheroscerotic lesions. Thus, cells with one allele may be able to grow better than cells with the other allele, and this characteristic may be unrelated to "A-ness" or "B-ness." We have studied initiation of lesions in He diet-fed swine and demonstrated that all active lesions that were studied were of multiple cell origin (not monoclo nal). We have studied cell growth patterns in developing atherosclerotic lesions in He diet-fed swine and found evidence consistent with clonal heterogeneity in growth potential of lesion cells."

Spis treści

I. Relation Between Arterial Wall and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease Connective Tissue and Immunological Mechanism on Atherosclerosis.- Arterial Endothelial Permeability to Macromolecules.- The Maintenance of Endothelial Integrity.- Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherogenesis: Births, Deaths and Clonal Phenomena.- Lipoproteins — Steady State Aspects.- Connective Tissue in Atherosclerosis.- Immunologic Mechanism of Atherosclerosis.- Workshop 1. Dynamics of Lipoproteins and Lipids in the Arterial Wall.- Uptake of Serum Lipoproteins into the Arterial Wall.- Enzymes Catalyzing Phospholipid-Dependent Transacylations in the Arterial Wall.- Heparin-Manganese Precipitability of Canine Lipoproteins as Correlated With Binding to the Cell Surface Receptors on Fibroblasts.- Synthesis and Removal of Free Cholesterol and of Cholesterol Ester by Smooth Muscle Cells in Tissue Culture.- Abstracts.- Workshop 2. Hypertension, Arteriolar Disease and Atherosclerosis.- Possibilities of Hyaline Formation in the Vessel Wall, Light- and Electron Microscopic Structure: Problems of the Nomenclature.- Hypertension, Stroke and Atherogenesis in Experimental Models.- Hypertension and Cerebral Atherosclerosis.- Abstracts.- Workshop 3. Epidemiology of Atherosclerosis and Geographic Differences in Risk Factors.- An Introduction to the Epidemiology of Atherosclerosis.- Association Between Risk Factors and Atherosclerotic Lesions Based on Autopsy Findings in the Oslo Study: A Preliminary Report.- Atherosclerosis and Risk Factors.- Coronary Risk Factors in Adults: The Influence of Nutrition in Early Life.- The Relation of Ante Mortem Factors to Atherosclerosis at Necropsy.- Atherosclerosis and Its Risk Factors in the Hawaiian Japanese.- Atherosclerosis in Relation to Personal Attributes of a Japanese Population in Homes for the Aged.- Frequency of Coronary and Peripheral Artery Disease in Hyperlipoproteinemia.- Concluding Remarks on the Epidemiology of Atherosclerosis.- Abstracts.- Workshop 4. Measurement of Triglyceride Turnover.- Kinetics of VLDL Subfractions.- Comparison of Methods of Plasma Triglyceride Turnover.- The Intravenous Fat Tolerance Test With Intralipid-Validity, Applications, and Limitations.- Triglyceride Turnover in Diabetic States of Dogs.- Abstracts.- Workshop 5. Smoking and Atherosclerosis.- Epidemiological Research in Japan on Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases.- Atherogenic Compounds of Tobacco Smoke.- Abnormalities Potentially Mediating the Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Atherosclerosis.- Oxygen Transport and Smoking.- The Evidence for Nicotine as an Etiological Factor in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).- Abstracts.- II. Lipoproteins.- Structure of the Plasma Lipoproteins — A Review.- Cellular Catabolism of Serum Lipoproteins.- Synthesis and Secretion of Plasma Lipoproteins and Apo-Lipoproteins.- Dynamics of Lipoprotein Interconversion.- Lipoprotein Metabolism in Tissue Culture.- Current Concepts of Hyperlipoproteinemia.- Workshop 6. Lipoproteins.- Electroimmunoassays of Serum Apolipoproteins in Normolipidemic Subjects and Patients With Primary Hyperlipoproteinemias.- Lipid Organization in Human Plasma Low-Density Lipoproteins.- Formation and Structural Properties of Lipoprotein-X.- Isothermal Calorimetric Studies on Human HDL Apolipoproteins.- High-Density Lipoprotein Abnormalities Associated With Disease.- On the Role of Apolipoprotein A-I in the Structure of Serum High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL).- Abstracts.- Workshop 7. Animal Models of Atherosclerosis and Regression.- Requirement for Regression Studies in Animal Models.- The Effect of Strenuous Exercise on Plasma Lipids and Atherosclerosis on Cholesterol-Fed Cockerels.- Changes of Cyclic Nucleotides in the Regressive Course of Experimental Atherosclerosis and Their Modification by Sex Hormones and Phthalazinol.- Model of Arterial Injury by Balloon De-Endothelialization: Reappraisal, Improvement, and Application to Measurement of Endothelial Growth.- Reversibility of Atherosclerosis in Pyridoxine-Deficient Monkeys.- Regression of Atherosclerosis at Serum Cholesterol Concentrations Achievable in Man.- Aortic Atherosclerosis of Primates.- Abstracts.- Workshop 8. Cholesterol Metabolism.- Cholesterol Metabolism in High- and Low-Responding Rhesus Monkeys.- Relationships Between Metabolism of Cholesterol and the Turnover of Plasma Lipoproteins.- Studies on the Mechanism of Development of Hypercholesterolemia: Effect of Aging and Genetic Factors in Animal Models.- Cholesterol Synthesis in Slowly Exchangeable Cholesterol Pool in Man.- Bile Acid Metabolism Under Basal and Experimental Conditions in Normo- and Hyperlipidemic Subjects.- Cholesterol Turnover in Metabolism in Normal and Hyperlipidemic Humans.- Abstracts.- Workshop 9. Hormones, Lipoprotein Lipase and Atherosclerosis.- Hormones, Lipoprotein Lipase and Atherosclerosis.- Molecular Aspects of Hepatic Triglyceride Lipase and Lipoprotein Lipase From Human Post-Heparin Plasma.- The Interactions of Lipoprotein Lipase With Cofactor Proteins, Lipid Substrate, and Certain Sulfated Polysaccharides.- Purified Monoacylglycerol Hydrolase From Human Post-Heparin Plasma: Characteristics and Role in the Reaction Catalyzed by Lipoprotein Lipase.- Measurement of Post-Heparin Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase and Hepatic Triglyceride Lipase Activities and Their Relation to Plasma Triglyceride Metabolism.- Hormonal Regulation of Human Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase.- Post-Heparin Triglyceride Activity (PHTGLA) in Diabetic Rats.- Abstracts.- Workshop 10. Collagen, Elastin, Mucopolysaccharides in Atherosclerosis.- Influence of Muscular Training on Arterial Wall Cell Reaction.- Complex Carbohydrates of Arterial Wall Connective Tissue.- New Results on Gag and Collagen in Atherosclerosis.- Functional Relations Among Cells and Fibers of the Aortic Media: Microanatomic and Biosynthetic Findings.- Abstracts.- III. Regression of Atherosclerosis.- Animal Models of Regression.- Methods to Accelerate Regression.- The Mechanism of Atherosclerosis Regression.- Connective Tissue Changes in Regression.- Angiographic Evidence of Atherosclerosis Regression in Man.- Enhancement of Regression of Human Atherosclerosis.- Workshop 11. Nutritional Factors and Atherosclerosis.- Influence of all Nutrients on Atherosclerosis.- Influence of Diet Factors on Plasma Lipids in Ischemic Heart Disease.- Practical Considerations of Changing Dietary Cholesterol and Fat.- Dietary Protein, Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis.- Soybean Protein Diet in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia.- Abstracts.- IV. Epidemiology.- Epidemiological Studies of Atherosclerotic Disease in Japan.- Highlights of Epidemiological Research in Western Countries.- Abstracts.- V. Pediatric Aspects of Atherosclerosis.- Risk Factors in Children — The Early Natural History of Atherosclerosis.- Morphologic Aspect of Childhood Atherosclerosis.- Abstracts.- VI. Treatment of Human Atherosclerosis.- Dietary Management of Atherosclerosis.- Drugs and Atherosclerosis.- Surgical Management of Hyperlipidemia.- Metabolic Aspects of the Management of Obliterative Atherosclerosis.- Abstracts.- Workshop 12. Hyperlipoproteinemias.- Mechanisms of Hyperlipoproteinemia Derived From Multicompartmental Analysis of Very Low-Density ApolipoproteinB-Kinetics.- On the Significance of Typing of Hyperlipoproteinemia in Primary Asymptomatic Hyperlipidemia.- Secondary Causes and Aggravating Factos for Hyperlipoproteinemia.- Diagnosis of Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia by Means of Rate Zonal Ultracentrifugation.- Some Aspects of Sensitivity and Resistance to the Cholesterol Lowering Effect of Clofibrate.- Newer Methods of Treatment of the Hyperlipoproteinemias.- Analysis of the Characteristics of ß-K Band in the Fraction of Lipoprotein by Polyacrylamide Gel-Disc Electrophoresis and the Frequency of Its Appearance in IHD.- Nutritional Factors and Atherosclerosis.- Abstracts.- Workshop 13. Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis.- Structure of the Renal Artery and Its Vasoconstriction.- Coronary Arterial Changes in Childhood and Young Adults With Respect to Progression of Coronary Sclerosis and a Brief Comment on Thrombosis as a Complication.- Thrombosis and Endothelial Injury in Atherogenesis.- Platelet Factors and the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.- Thrombogenic and Atherogenic Effects of Dieatary Fats.- Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Studies on Experimental Thrombosis in Rabbits.- Abstracts.- Workshop 14. Tissue Culture in Atherosclerosis.- Proliferative Response of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells to Hyperlipemia.- Cholesterol Ester Synthesis by Microsomal Fractions From Fu5AH Rat Hepatoma Cells: Stimulation by Lipoproteins From Hyperlipemic Sera.- Inhibition of Lipid Synthesis by Sulfated Glycans in Cultured Aortic Cells.- The Effect of Hypoxia and Carbon Monoxide on Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Cultures.- Sterol Metabolism in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells.- Effect of Human Sera on DNA Synthesis in Aortic Explants.- Abstracts.- Workshop 15. Atherosclerosis Without Major Risk Factors.- Studies on the Atherogenesis and Sucrose Intake in Crab-Eating-Monkeys.- Ascorbic Acid and Atherosclerosis: Effects of Chronic Hypovitamin C on Aortic Ground Substance and Lipid Metabolism.- Ethanol-Lipemia. A Doubtful Risk Factor.- V Vasoactive Agents and Postprandial Chylomicrons as Risk Factors in Atherogenesis.- Unexplained Variability in Extent of Atherosclerosis in Homogenous Human Population.- Abstracts.- Workshop 16. Intervention Trials.- Diet and Coronary Heart Disease — Primary Prevention Trials.- Attempts at Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease.- Intervention Trial for Secondary CV Prevention in Primary Atherogenous Hyperlipidemias.- The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).- General Abstracts.- Movie.- References.- Author Index (Abstracts).