Astrophysik IV: Sternsysteme / Astrophysics IV: Stellar Systems

ISBN-13: 9783642459344 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 566 str.

Frank K. Edmonson

Spis treści

Kinematical Basis of Galactic Dynamics.- I. General features of observed stellar motions.- II. Kinematical considerations.- Galactic Dynamics.- I. Introduction.- II. Mass motions and velocity distribution in the gravitational field of the Galaxy.- III. Velocity distribution from statistics of differential orbital motions.- IV. The dispersion of stellar velocities as function of the time.- V. The problem of spiral structure and problems concerning the evolution of the system.- General references.- Radio-frequency Studies of Galactic Structure.- 1. General surveys.- 2. Units.- 3. Origin of radiation.- 4. Thermal emission.- 5. Synchrotron radiation.- 6. Line emission.- 7. Distribution of neutral hydrogen. Spiral structure.- 8. Galactic rotation from observations.- 9. Distribution of ionized hydrogen.- 10. General radiation from the region close to the galactic plane.- 11. Corona of radio emission around the Galactic System.- General references.- Star Clusters.- A. Introduction.- B. Galactic clusters.- I. Appearance and apparent distribution.- II. Methods of distance determination.- III. Stellar content.- IV. Color and spectrum luminosity diagrams, evolution and ages.- V. Motions of stars.- VI. Some well-known clusters.- a) Pleiades.- b) Praesepe.- c) Coma Berenices.- d) The double cluster in Perseus, h and ? Persei.- e) Messier 11.- f) Messier 67.- g) x Crucis, the Jewel Box.- VII. Moving clusters.- VIII. Disruption with time.- IX. Nebulous and very young clusters.- X. Stellar associations.- C. Globular clusters.- I. Appearance and apparent distribution.- II. Distance determinations.- III. Content of globular clusters.- IV. Motions.- V. Masses and densities.- VI. Evolution, age and origin.- VII. Relation to elliptical galaxies.- VIII. Clusters associated with extragalactic systems.- Appendix A. Catalogue of galactic clusters.- Appendix B. Catalogue of globular clusters.- General references.- Discrete Sources of Cosmic Radio Waves.- A. Definitions and units.- B. Techniques of observation.- C. The radio observations.- D. Identification.- General references.- Radio Frequency Radiation from External Galaxies.- I. The Magellanic Clouds.- a) The H line radiation.- b) The continuum radiation.- c) Comparisons of optical and radio data.- II. Neighbouring bright galaxies.- III. The radio emission of normal galaxies.- IV. Radio emission from clusters of galaxies.- V. Radio galaxies.- General references.- Classification and Morphology of External Galaxies.- I. Classification.- II. Morphology.- a) Qualitative morphology.- b) Quantitative morphology.- General Physical Properties of External Galaxies.- I. Optical properties.- a) Photographic dimensions.- b) Integrated luminosities and colours.- c) Luminosity and colour distribution.- d) Absorption, diffraction and polarisation.- e) Spectra and energy distribution.- II. Mechanical properties.- a) Rotation.- b) Masses of individual galaxies.- c) Mass luminosity ratio.- Multiple Galaxies.- I. Historical.- II. Morphology of multiple galaxies.- III. Permanent multiple galaxies.- IV. The kinematics and dynamics of multiple galaxies. Gravitational lenses 384 V. Colliding galaxies as radio sources.- Clusters of Galaxies.- I. Introduction.- II. Well known clusters of galaxies.- III. Structure of individual clusters.- IV. Kinematics and dynamics of clusters of galaxies.- V. Counts of clusters of galaxies in depth; numbers as a function of angular.- VI. Distribution of clusters of galaxies in breadth.- VII. Superclustering non-existent.- VIII. The universal redshift, extragalactic distances and the methodology of the study of clusters of galaxies.- Large Scale Organization of the Distribution of Galaxies.- I. Introduction.- II. Dynamical problem of infinite mass in infinite space.- III. Theory of simple clustering of galaxies.- IV. Theory of multiple clustering of galaxies.- General references.- Distance and Time in Cosmology: The Observational Data.- I. Observational methods of determining the distances of galaxies.- II. Time and the age of the universe.- Acknowledgments.- General references.- Seite Newtonsche und Einsteinsche Kosmologie.- I. Einleitung.- II. Newtonsche Kosmologie.- III. Einsteinsche Kosmologie.- Andere kosmologische Theorien.- 1. Übersicht.- 2. Kosmologie und Mikrophysik.- 3. Jordansche Kosmologie.- 4. Die Theorie des stationären Universums.- 5. Milnesche Kosmologie.- 6. Mathematischer Anhang.- Literatur.- Sachverzeichnis (Deutsch-Englisch).- Subject Index (English-German).