Assessment of Crop Loss from Air Pollutants

ISBN-13: 9789401071093 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 552 str.

W. W. Heck; O. C. Taylor;Tingey

Opis

During late 1985, the Research Management Committee (RMC) of the National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) decided the most ap- propriate way to bring the NCLAN program to a successful conclusion was to hold an international conference. It was envisaged as an opportunity to present an overview of results from the NCLAN program and as a chance to view the results in the context of ongoing research by members of the international community. * Although we wanted the Conference to have an assessment orientation, it was also intended for the Conference to focus on current state-of-knowledge. The Conference was designed to overview the needs of crop loss assessment, current approaches to assessment, progress in the development of predictive models, the use of the information for economic predictions, and the application of the data in policy decisions. Every effort was made to assure a broad representation of ideas. The Conference program was developed to evaluate major issues that address regional/national assessments of impacts of atmospheric pollutants on agricultural production. Sessions were structured to address specific issues by invited speakers, and by contributed papers and posters. First, background needs for doing loss assessment research including specific approaches and a rather detailed review of the NCLAN program were addressed (Session I). Session II addressed the needs for defining the exposure environment (e. g. extrapolating to regional concentrations and exposure characterization). Field approaches for determining crop loss were reviewed in Session III.

Spis treści

I. The Need For Crop Loss Assessment.- 1. Crop Assessment: International Needs and Opportunities.- 2. Research Approaches to Pollutant Crop Loss Functions.- 3. The NCLAN Program for Crop Loss Assessment.- II. Meteorology, Atmospheric Chemistry and Regional Monitoring—Extrapolation.- 4. Meteorology—Atmospheric Chemistry and Long-range Transport.- 5. The Use of Geostatistics to Characterize Regional Ozone Exposures.- 6. Ozone Exposure Indices: Concepts for Development and Evaluation of their Use.- III. Yield Assessment Using Field Approaches for Measuring Crop Loss.- 7. Factors Influencing Ozone Dose—Yield Response Relationships in Open-top Field Chamber Studies.- 8. The Use of Open Field Systems to Assess Yield Response to Gaseous Pollutants.- 9. Estimating Changes in Plant Growth and Yield due to Stress.- IV. The Value Of Physiological Understanding in Crop Loss Assessment.- 10. Pollutant Deposition to Individual Leaves and Plant Canopies: Sites of Regulation and Relationship to Injury.- 11. Biochemical Mechanisms of Pollutant Stress.- 12. Effects on Photosynthesis, Carbon Allocation, and Plant Growth Associated With Air Pollutant Stress.- V. Abiotic and Biotic Interactive Stress Factors.- 13. Problems of Crop Loss Assessment When There is Exposure to Two or More Gaseous Pollutants.- 14. Drought Stress Applied During the Reproductive Phase Reduced Ozone-Induced Effects in Bush Bean.- 15. Effects of Air Pollutants on Interactions Between Plants, Insects, and Pathogens.- VI. Statistical and Simulated Modeling Approaches.- 16. Statistical Approaches to Assessing Crop Losses.- 17. Assessing the Mechanisms of Crop Loss from Air Pollutants With Process Models.- 18. Regional/National Crop Loss Assessment Modeling Approaches.- VII. Economic Considerations and Policy Implications.- 19. Model Requirements for Economic Evaluations of Pollution Impacts Upon Agriculture.- 20. The NCLAN Economic Assessment: Approach, Findings and Implications.- 21. The European Open-top Chambers Programme: Objectives and Implementation.- 22. Policy Implications From Crop Loss Assessment Research—A United Kingdom Perspective.- 23. Policy Implications From Crop Loss Assessment Research—The US Perspective.- List of First Authors and Chairmen.- List of NCLAN Publications.