Aristotle's Metaphysics: Form, Matter and Identity

ISBN-13: 9781441154613 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 172 str.

Jeremy Kirby;Jeremy Kirby

Opis

Aristotle maintains that biological organisms are compounds of matter and form and that compounds that have the same form are individuated by their matter. According to Aristotle, an object that undergoes change is an object that undergoes a change in form, i.e. form is imposed upon something material in nature. Aristotle therefore identifies organisms according to their matter and essential forms, forms that are arguably essential to an object's existence.
Jeremy Kirby addresses a difficulty in Aristotle's metaphysics, namely the possibility that two organisms of the same species might share the same matter. If they share the same form, as Aristotle seems to suggest, then they seem to share that which they cannot, their identity. By taking into account Aristotle's views on the soul, its relation to living matter, and his rejection of the possibility of resurrection, Kirby reconstructs an answer to this problem and shows how Aristotle relies on some of the central themes in his system in order to resist this unwelcome result that his metaphysics might suggest.

Spis treści

Introduction
i. The Metaphysics of Aristotle
ii. Two Challenges to Change
iii. Matter, Form, and Paradox

1. Matters of Individuation
i. Matters of Change
ii. Matters of Difference
iii. Identity, Diversity, and Unity
iv. Aristotle and the Absolutist versus Relativist Controversy
v. The Bare Materials
vi. Prime Matter, Somatic Matter, and Individuation
vii. The Varieties of Matter
viii. Two Old Arguments against Migration
ix. A Possible Objection
x. Conclusion

2. Resurrection and Entrapment
i. A Putative Response to the Puzzle of Simple Composition ii. Anastasis and Anachronism
iii. Scientific and Dialectical Contexts
iv. Possibility and Inevitability
v. Eternal Recurrence Limited
vi. Eternality and Essentialism
vii. Resurrection, Migration, and Gappy Existences
viii. Resurrection and the Problem of Shared Identity
ix. Aristotle's Rejection of Migration
x. Conclusion

4. Aristotle on Composition and the Puzzle of Unity
i. Composition
ii. The Puzzle of Unity
iii. The Popular Strategy
iv. Eliminativism
v. The Identity Thesis
vi. Constituency as Adjectival Being
vii. Toward a Relational Unity
viii. Teleological Dependence as the Adhesive for Unity
ix. Conclusion

5. Particularities and the Puzzle of Composition
i. Haecceities
ii. The Problem of Universals
iii. The Zeta Problem
iv. No Substance is a Universal
v. Conclusion

5. Conclusion
i. The Puzzle of Simple Composition Revisited
ii. Alternative Proposals for Resolving the Puzzle of Simple Composition
iii. The Puzzle of Transplantation 
Postscript
Bibliography