Arguing About Science

ISBN-13: 9780415492294 / Angielski / Twarda / 2012 / 784 str.

Alexander Bird; James Ladyman

Opis

This title offers a selection of through provoking articles that examine a broad range of issues, from the demarcation problem, induction, and explanation, to contemporary issues such as the relationship between science and race and gender, and science and religion.

Spis treści

Introduction Alexander Bird & James Ladyman  Part 1: What is Science? 1. Science: Conjectures and Refutations Karl Popper  2. Is Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory Pseudo-Scientific by Karl Popper's Criterion of Demarcation? Adolf Grünbaum  3. The Mismeasure of Man Stephen Jay Gould  4. Objectivity, Value Judgement and Theory Choice Thomas Kuhn  Part 2: Science, Race and Gender  5. Gender and Race: (What) Are They? (What) Do We Want Them To Be Sally Haslanger  6. The Battle of the Sexes Revisited Helena Cronin  7. Beyond the Gene but Beneath the Skin Evelyn Fox Keller  8. Towards a Critical Theory of "Race" Lucius T. Outlaw  9. Race: Biological Reality or Social Construct? Robin O. Andreason  10. On the New Biology of Race Joshua M. Glasgow  11. What Went Wrong: Reflections on Science by Observation and The Bell Curve Clark Glymour  Part 3: Scientific Reasoning 12. Induction Peter Lipton  13. The Corroboration of Theories Hilary Putnam  14. A System of Logic John Stuart Mill 15. Of certain Characteristics of Scientific Induction William Whewell  16. Waves and Scientific Method Peter Achinstein  17. Notes on Bayesian Confirmation Theory Michael Strevens  Part 4: Explanation  18. Scientific Explanation Wesley C. Salmon  19. The Pragmatics of Explanation Bas Van Fraassen  20. Explanation Peter Lipton  Part 5: Laws and Causation  Laws of Nature Fred. I. Dretske  21. What are laws of nature? Bas Van Fraassen  22. Natural Laws and the Problem of Provisos Marc Lange  23. Causal Laws and Effective Strategies Nancy Cartwright  Part 6: Science and Medicine  24. Why Medicine Cannot Be a Science Ronald Munson  25. Philosophy of Medicine Kenneth F. Schaffner  26. Hierarchy of Evidence  School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield  27. What Evidence in Evidence-Based Medicine John Worrall  Part 7: Probability in Action: Forensic Science  28. Interpretation of Statistical Evidence in Criminal Trials: The Prosecutor’s Fallacy and the Defense Attorney’s Fallacy William C. Thompson & Edward L. Schumannt  29. Sudden Infant Death or Murder? A Royal Confusion About Probabilities Neven Sesardic  Part 8: Risk, Uncertainty and Science Policy  30. Formulating the Precautionary Principle Neil A. Manson  31. Five Charges Against the Precautionary Principle Per Sandin, Martin Peterson, Sven Ove Hansson, Chrstina Ruden, and Andre Juthe  32. Risk and ethics: three approaches Sven Ove Hansson  Part 9: Scientific Realism and Antirealism  33. The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory Pierre Duhem  34. The Theories of Modern Physics Henri Poincare  35. Objectivity of Science Henri Poincare  36. A confutation of convergent realism Larry Laudan  37. Arguments Concerning Scientific Realism Bas Van Fraassen  38. Experimentation and Scientific Realism Ian Hacking  39. Structural realism: The best of both worlds? John Worrall.  Index

O autorze

Alexander Bird is a Professor of Philosophy and Faculty of Arts Research Director at Bristol University, UK. His previous publications include Nature's Metaphysics: Laws and Properties (2007), and Philosophy of Science (Routledge/McGill-Queens University Press, 1998).

James Ladyman is a Professor of Philosophy at Bristol University UK. He is the author (with Ross, Collier, and Spurrett) of Every Thing Must Go: Metaphysics Naturalised (2007), and of the CHOICE awarding-winning book Understanding Philosophy of Science, also published by Routledge (2001).