Applied Soil Physics: Soil Water and Temperature Applications

ISBN-13: 9781461277286 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 176 str.

R. J. Hanks

Opis

This second edition was undertaken to update information which has become available since the first edition and to convert completely to the SI system. The main objective of this book is to stress application of soil physics principles to real problems. The problems are heavily oriented toward the soil- water-plant-atmosphere continuum. This book grew out of a course taught to upper level undergraduate and graduate students from many different disciplines and backgrounds. I have found that problems are a very good teaching tool because students need to solve them on their own and adapt them to their own understanding. I have found this problem-solving experience to be greatly enhanced if examples are available. Thus, this book is heavily laden with examples. This edition includes reference to many models, involving basic concepts discussed herein, by which it is possible to solve many more realistic--and more complex--problems such as drainage below the root zone (and associated pollution), plant growth as related to climate, soil properties, management, etc. The intent is to encourage students to advance to the next level. The book is not intended to be a complete introduction to applied soil physics, but rather to emphasize problem-solving and the important aspects of soil water and temperature.

Spis treści

Unit 1 Water Quantities.- 1.1 The Soil as a Reservoir.- 1.2 Calculating Soil Water.- 1.3 Measuring Soil Water.- 1.4 Applications of Soil Water Content Information.- 1.4.1 Yield and Evapotranspiration.- References.- Problems.- Unit 2 Water Potentials.- 2.1 Soil Water Potential.- 2.1.1 Gravitational Potential--?z.- 2.1.2 Matric Potential--?m.- 2.1.3 Pressure Potential--?p.- 2.2 Water Potentials for Equilibrium Conditions.- 2.3 Water Potentials for Nonequilibrium Conditions.- 2.4 Calculating Potentials in Soil Columns.- 2.5 Scheduling Irrigation with Tensiometers.- 2.6 Measuring Matric Potential in the Laboratory.- 2.7 Soil Water Characteristic Curves.- 2.8 Capillarity and Hysteresis in Soil Water.- 2.9 Soil Structure and Soil Water Characteristic Curves.- 2.10 Solute Potential.- 2.11 Measuring Water Potential.- 2.12 Other Methods of Measuring Potentials.- References.- Problems.- Unit 3 Water Flow in Soil.- 3.1 Steady State Water Flow in Soil.- 3.2 Transient State Water Flow in Soil.- 3.3 Horizontal Infiltration into Soil.- 3.4 Vertical Infiltration into Soil.- 3.5 Initial and Boundary Conditions.- 3.6 Soil Evaporation.- 3.7 Reducing Evaporation.- 3.8 Drainage of Water in Soil.- 3.9 Water Vapor Flow in Soils.- References.- Problems.- Unit 4 Soil Plant Atmospheric Relations.- 4.1 Radiation.- 4.2 Energy Budget.- 4.3 Estimating Evapotranspiration from Climatological and Soils Data.- 4.3.1 Aerodynamic Profile Methods.- 4.3.2 Combination Energy Balance Aerodynamic Methods.- 4.3.3 Soil Surface Temperature as Influenced by Climate.- 4.3.4 Penman’s Combination Method.- 4.3.5 Empirical Methods.- 4.4 Crop Coefficients.- 4.5 Transpiration Coefficients.- 4.6 Evapotranspiration When Water Is Limiting.- 4.7 Plant Growth and Evapotranspiration.- 4.8 Estimating Transpiration.- References.- Problems.- Unit 5 Soil Heat Flow and Temperature.- 5.1 Soil Heat.- 5.2 Steady State Heat Flow.- 5.3 Soil Temperature.- 5.4 Factors That Influence Soil Temperature.- 5.5 Nonsteady State Heat Flow.- References.- Problems.- Conversion Factors.- Symbols.