1. Preface and Introduction. Recognition of those who have assisted with the development of these techniques 2. Anatomy and physiology of the aortic valve and root 3. History of the understanding of the aortic valve and aortic valve repair 4. Rationale and Scientific Basis for an annuloplasty ring and techniques of placement 5. General leaflet reconstructive techniques 6. Etiologies of AI Repaired 7. Clinical outcomes of aortic valve repair 8. Future directions of development 9. Conclusions