Anechoic and Reverberation Chambers: Theory, Design, and Measurements

ISBN-13: 9781119361688 / Angielski / Twarda / 2019 / 400 str.

Qian Xu; Yi Huang

Spis treści

About the Authors

Acknowledgements

Acronyms

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Background

1.1.1 Anechoic Chamber

1.1.2 Reverberation Chamber

1.1.3 Relationship between Anechoic Chamber and Reverberation Chamber

1.2 Organisation of This Book

References

Chapter 2: Theory for Anechoic Chamber Design

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Absorbing Material Basics

2.2.1 General Knowledge

2.2.2 Absorbing Material Simulation

2.2.3 Absorbing Material Measurement

2.3 CEM Algorithms Overview

2.4 GO Theory

2.4.1 GO from Maxwell Equations

2.4.2 Analytical Expression of Reflected Field from Curved Surface

2.4.3 Alternative GO Form

2.5 GO–FEM Hybrid Method

2.6 Summary

References

Chapter 3: Computer Aided Anechoic Chamber Design

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Framework

3.3 Software Implementation

3.3.1 3D Model Description

3.3.2 Algorithm Complexities

3.3.3 Far–field Data

3.3.4 Boundary Condition

3.3.5 RAM Description

3.3.6 Forward Algorithm

3.3.7 Inverse Algorithm

3.3.8 Post Processing

3.4 Summary

References

Chapter 4: Anechoic Chamber Design Examples and Verifications

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Normalised Site Attenuation

4.2.1 NSA Definition

4.2.2 NSA Simulation and Measurement

4.3 Site Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

4.3.1 SVSWR Definition

4.3.2 SVSWR Simulation and Measurement

4.4 Field Uniformity

4.4.1 FU Definition

4.4.2 FU Simulation and Measurement

4.5 Design Margin

4.6 Summary

References

Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Reverberation Chamber

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Resonant Cavity Model

5.3 Ray Model

5.4 Statistical Electromagnetics

5.4.1 Plane–Wave Spectrum Model

5.4.2 Field Correlations

5.4.3 Boundary Fields

5.4.4 Enhanced Back Scattering Effect

5.4.5 Loss Mechanism

5.4.6 Probability Distribution Functions

5.5 Figures of Merit

5.5.1 Field Uniformity

5.5.2 Lowest Usable Frequency

5.5.3 Correlation Coefficient and Independent Sample Number

5.5.4 Field Anisotropy Coefficients and Inhomogeneity Coefficients

5.5.5 Stirring Ratio

5.5.6 K Factor

5.6 Summary

References

Chapter 6: The Design of a Reverberation Chamber

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Design Guidelines

6.3 Simulation of the RC

6.4 Time Domain Characterisation of the RC

6.4.1 Statistical Behaviour in the Time Domain

6.4.2 Stirrer Efficiency Based on Total Scattering Cross Section

6.4.3 Time–Gating Technique

6.5 Duality Principle in the RC

6.6 The Limit of ACS and TSCS

6.7 A Design Example

6.8 Summary

References

Chapter 7: Measurements in the Reverberation Chamber

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Q Factor and Decay Constant

7.3 Radiated Immunity Test

7.4 Radiated Emission Measurement

7.5 Free–Space Antenna S–parameter Measurement

7.6 Antenna Radiation Efficiency Measurement

7.6.1 Reference Antenna Method

7.6.2 Non–Reference Antenna Method

7.7 MIMO Antenna and Channel Emulation

7.7.1 Diversity Gain Measurement

7.7.2 Total Isotropic Sensitivity Measurement

7.7.3 Channel Capacity Measurement

7.7.4 Doppler Effect

7.8 Antenna Radiation Pattern Measurement

7.8.1 Theory

7.8.2 Simulations and Measurements

7.8.3 Discussion and Error Analysis

7.9 Material Measurements

7.9.1 Absorption Cross Section

7.9.2 Average Absorption Coefficient

7.9.3 Permittivity

7.9.4 Material Shielding Effectiveness

7.10 Cavity Shielding Effectiveness Measurement

7.11 Volume Measurement

7.12 Summary

References

Chapter 8 Measurement Uncertainty in the Reverberation Chamber

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Procedure for Uncertainty Characterisation

8.3 Uncertainty Model

8.3.1 ACF Method

8.3.2 DoF Method

8.3.3 Comparison of ACF and DoF Methods

8.3.4 Semi–empirical Model

8.4 Measurement Uncertainty of Antenna Efficiency

8.5 Summary

References

Chapter 9 Inter–comparison between Antenna Radiation Efficiency Measurements Performed in an Anechoic Chamber and in a Reverberation Chamber

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Measurement Facilities and Setups

9.2.1 Anechoic Chamber

9.2.2 Reverberation Chamber

9.3 Antenna Efficiency Measurements

9.3.1 Theory

9.3.2 Comparison between the AC and the RC

9.4 Summary

References

Chapter 10: Discussion on Future Applications

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Anechoic Chamber

10.3 Reverberation Chamber

References

Appendix

Appendix A Code Snippets

Appendix B Reference NSA Values

Appendix C Test Report Template

Appendix D Typical Bandpass Filters

Appendix E Compact Reverberation Chamber at NUAA

Appendix F Relevant Statistics

Index

O autorze

Dr. Qian Xu, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China.Prof. Yi Huang, DPhil, is Chair of Wireless Engineering, the Head of High Frequency Engineering Group and the Deputy Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, UK.