Analytical and Practical Aspects of Drug Testing in Hair

ISBN-13: 9780849364501 / Angielski / Twarda / 2006 / 382 str.

Pascal Kintz

Opis

* Summarizes the numerous clinical, forensic, workplace, and doping applications of hair analysis * Discusses current sensitive analytical techniques that enable the analysis of drugs in unconventional biological specimens * Resolves medical questions through discussions of technological applications * Presents a variety of mass spectrometric (MS) procedures * Supplies ways to detect drug and alcohol abuse through hair analysis * Offers a collection of diverse international opinions from contributors who are authorities in their respective fields Many advances have been made since the publication of Drug Testing in Hair. The mid-1990s witnessed the progress in cannabis detection while the late 1990s focused on benzodiazepines detection and the applications in doping control. In more recent years, toxicologists centered on the detection in hair of a single exposure and the related applications in drug-facilitated crimes. Presenting these topics as well as the latest findings from the international community, Analytical and Practical Aspects of Drug Testing in Hair reviews all new developments, the validation of analytical procedures, and the interpretation of data. Written by well-known, international authors, this comprehensive reference provides practical coverage of the best drug testing techniques and examines the drugs themselves. Some of the applications discussed include doping, drug-facilitated crime investigating, workplace testing, and the granting of drivers' licenses. The authors describe specific drugs, such as opiates, cocaine, and cannabis, and discuss the different testing methods for them. The book also covers postmortem toxicology, pitfalls created by passive exposure, and testing for metals, including inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS), hair multielementary analysis, and the new speciation analysis. A complete, up-to-date resource that explains numerous drug testing techniques, Analytical and Practica

Spis treści

DRUG INCORPORATION INTO HAIR
Hair Physiology
Drug Incorporation Routes
Mechanisms of Binding
General Discussion
Concluding Remarks
References
PASSIVE EXPOSURE, DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES, CUTOFFS, AND BIAS: PITFALLS IN THE INTERPRETATION OF HAIR ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR COCAINE USE
Introduction
Historical Concerns for Passive Exposure in Hair Analysis
Mechanisms for Incorporation of Drugs into Hair
Drugs in the Environment
Decontamination Procedures
Cutoffs and Why They Matter
Bias in Hair Testing
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
OPIOIDS TESTING IN HAIR
Introduction
Opiates
Conclusions
References
HAIR ANALYSIS FOR COCAINE
Introduction
Analytical Methodologies
Quality Control
Interpretation of Results
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
References
DETERMINATION OF CANNABINOIDS IN HUMAN HAIR
Introduction
Metabolism, Incorporation of Cannabinoids into Hair
Analytical Techniques for the Detection of Cannabinoids Decontamination Processes
Issues to Be Considered
Criteria for Obtaining a Cannabis-Positive Hair-Test Result
Controlled Studies: Empirical Data Analysis of a Large Sample of
Hair Specimens
Reported Concentrations of Cannabinoids in Hair
Conclusions
References
AMPHETAMINE DETERMINATION IN HAIR
Introduction
Preamble
Amphetamine Determination
Conclusion
References
PHARMACEUTICALS IN HAIR
Introduction
Discussion and Conclusion
References
SCREENING STRATEGIES IN HAIR ANALYSIS ON DRUGS
Introduction
Immunochemical Screening in Hair Analysis
Screening and Confirmation by GC-MS/MS
Multianalyte Screening Using LC-MS/MS
Crime Cases Solved by Screening Hair Using LC-MS/MS
Conclusions
References
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF HAIR ANALYSIS
Introduction
Hair Analysis in Psychiatric Patients
Hair Analysis in Epileptic Management
Hair Analysis as Evidence of Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to
Drugs and Tobacco
Hair Nicotine as a Marker of Active and Passive Exposure to Tobacco
Drug Addiction and Opiate-Maintenance Programs
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
References
HAIR IN POSTMORTEM TOXICOLOGY
Introduction
Methodological Aspects
Strategies in Postmortem Work
Conclusions and Take-Home Message
References
DETECTION OF DOPING AGENTS IN HUMAN HAIR
Introduction
Procedures
Detection of Doping Agents
Discussion
Conclusions
References
APPLICATIONS OF HAIR IN DRUG-FACILITATED CRIME EVIDENCE
Introduction
Analytical Strategy
Case Reports
Discussion
Conclusion
References
APPLICATION OF HAIR IN DRIVING-LICENSE REGRANTING
Introduction
Sensitivity of Drug Abuse Detection: Comparison between
Urine and Hair Analysis
Hair Sampling for Drug Analysis
Manipulation of Drug Concentrations in Hair
Hair Analysis for Regranting Driver's License
Regulations in Other Countries
Conclusions
References
ALCOHOL MARKERS IN HAIR
General Problems in Detection of Chronic Alcohol Abuse
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE)
Ethylglucuronide (EtG)
Combined Use of FAEE and EtG
Benzoylecgonine Ethyl Ester (Cocaethylene, BE-Et)
Further Possibilities
Conclusions
References
WORKPLACE DRUG TESTING USING HAIR SAMPLES
Introduction
Sample Collection
Screening Procedures
Sample Preparation: Washing and Extraction Methods
Confirmation by Mass Spectrometry
Testing Body Hair Samples in Workplace Testing
Conclusion
References
METALS
Introduction
Hair Metal Incorporation
Hair Washing Procedure and Sample Preparation
Hair Elements Analytical Methods
Metal Hair Reference Values
Hair Metal Analysis Interpretation
Hair Metal Analysis Results
Metal Hair Certified Reference Material
Elements
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References

O autorze

Pascal Kintz