An Introduction to Biomedical Science in Professional and Clinical Practice

ISBN-13: 9780470057155 / Angielski / Miękka / 2009 / 240 str.

Jim (University Of Brighton) Cunningham

Opis

Biomedical Science in Professional and Clinical Practice is essential reading for all trainee biomedical scientists looking for an introduction to the biomedical science profession whether they are undergraduates following an accredited biomedical sciences BSc, graduate trainees or experienced staff with overseas qualifications. This book guides trainees through the subjects, which they need to understand to meet the standards required by the Health Professions Council for state registration. These include professional topics, laws and guidelines governing clinical pathology, basic laboratory techniques and an overview of each pathology discipline. It helps trainees at any stage of training and in any pathology discipline(s) to think creatively about how to gather evidence of their understanding and professional competence. By referring to specialist sources of information in each area, it helps students to explore particular topics in more depth and to keep up to date with professional and legal changes. It is also of value to any Training Officers who are looking for ideas while planning a programme of training for a trainee biomedical scientist. The book includes basic principles of working in the pathology laboratory including laws and regulations, which must be observed, such as health and safety, data protection and equal opportunities laws and guidelines. Practical exercises are included throughout the book with examples of coursework, suggestions for further exercises and self -assessment. Summary boxes of key facts are clearly set out in each chapter and ideas for group/tutorial discussions are also provided to enhance student understanding.

Spis treści

Preface xi

Acknowledgements xiii

1 Introduction to a career as a biomedical scientist 1

1.1 What is a biomedical scientist? 1

1.2 Early development of clinical laboratory sciences 3

1.3 Development of the biomedical science profession 5

1.4 Role of the IBMS as the professional body for biomedical scientists in the 21st Century 7

1.5 Health Professions Council 11

1.6 Education and training for biomedical scientists 17

1.7 Codes of conduct 21

1.8 Conclusion 22

Quick quiz 23

Coursework exercises 23

Suggested references 23

2 Organization of pathology departments and the role of pathology in healthcare 25

2.1 Introduction 25

2.2 Organization of pathology departments 25

2.3 Staff groups within pathology 26

2.4 Role of pathology in healthcare 37

2.5 Users of the service 40

2.6 Evidence–based laboratory medicine 44

2.7 Improving the pathology service 48

2.8 Point of care testing (POCT) 50

2.9 Role of POCT in patient care 52

2.10 Conclusion 54

Quick quiz 54

Suggested exercises 55

Suggested references 55

3 Communication for biomedical scientists 57

3.1 Introduction 57

3.2 Communicating as a scientist 58

3.3 Communicating as a healthcare professional 58

3.4 Delivering the message: applying principles of effective communication 60

3.5 Communication techniques 68

3.6 Conclusion 81

Quick quiz 81

Suggested exercises 82

Suggested references 83

4 Quality management in the clinical laboratory 85

4.1 Introduction 85

4.2 Quality in pathology 85

4.3 Quality Control 88

4.4 Quality Assurance 93

4.5 Quality assessment 98

4.6 Quality audit 101

4.7 Clinical governance 104

4.8 Quality management system (QMS) 106

4.9 Accreditation 107

4.10 Factors affecting the quality of work in a pathology laboratory 111

Quick quiz 112

Suggested exercises 113

Suggested references 115

5 Basic principles of working in a clinical pathology laboratory 117

5.1 Introduction 117

5.2 Working as a professional biomedical scientist in the laboratory 118

5.3 Flow of work in a clinical laboratory 119

5.4 Health and safety in the clinical laboratory 136

5.5 Confidentiality, the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Caldicott

Principles 139

Quick quiz 141

Suggested exercises 142

Suggested references 142

6 Introduction to the biomedical science disciplines 145

6.1 Introduction 145

6.2 Haematology and transfusion science 147

6.3 Clinical biochemistry 154

6.4 Histopathology and cytopathology 159

6.5 Medical microbiology 165

6.6 Liaison between pathology disciplines 171

6.7 Evaluation of a new diagnostic test 171

6.8 Sensitivity and specificity of an assay 173

Quick quiz 176

Suggested exercises 177

Suggested references 177

7 Biomedical science laboratory techniques 179

7.1 Introduction 179

7.2 Haematology 181

7.3 Clinical chemistry 187

7.4 Medical microbiology 192

7.5 Histopathology 194

Suggested references 199

8 Development of knowledge and competency for biomedical scientists 201

8.1 Introduction 201

8.2 Gathering evidence of knowledge and competency for HPC registration 202

8.3 Continuing professional development 204

8.4 Professional body support for CPD 206

8.5 Reflective practice for biomedical scientists 208

8.6 Approaches to reflective practice 209

8.7 Critical incident analysis 211

8.8 Learning styles 213

8.9 Planning a career as a biomedical scientist; generic skills and employability 215

8.10 Conclusion 217

Quick quiz 217

Suggested exercises 218

Suggested references 218

Index 219

O autorze

Dr Sarah Jane Pitt, Sussex Pathology Network Training Facilitator, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, UK; also based at: Department of Pathology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK

Dr Jim Cunningham, Applied Biomedical Sciences Course Leader, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, UK

Blurb

This book provides an introduction to the biomedical science profession in the UK. Aimed at trainee biomedical scientists, it brings together all the subjects which trainees need to be aware of to meet the standards required by the Health Professions Council for registration. These include professional topics, laws and guidelines governing clinical pathology, continuing professional development, basic laboratory techniques and an overview of each pathology discipline.

Clearly structured throughout, the book carefully guides trainees through each topic, and is intended to help students at any stage of training and in any pathology discipline(s) to think creatively about how to gather evidence of their understanding and professional competence. By referring to specialist sources of information in each area, students are able to explore particular topics in more depth and keep up to date with professional and legal changes.

To reinforce key concepts, self assessment quizzes are included at the end of each chapter alongside suggested exercises in each topic which can be used to gather evidence of knowledge and competency.

Includes exercises throughout the text with examples of coursework and self

assessment questions.

Includes summary boxes with key facts, ideas for small group/tutorial discussions and

further references to key websites and relevant texts.

Suitable for either undergraduates following an accredited biomedical sciences BSc,

graduate trainees or experienced staff with overseas qualifications.

Covers basic biomedical techniques common to all pathology disciplines.