An Advanced Guide to Multilingualism

ISBN-13: 9780748635641 / Angielski / Miękka / 2022 / 256 str.

Larissa Aronin; Muiris O'Laoire

Opis

This comprehensive study of multilingualism is specially designed to introduce students to this rapidly growing field within linguistics, communication studies and education.

Spis treści

Foreword, Muiris Ó Laoire; Introduction: How do we approach multilingualism?; Part I: The field of multilingualism; 1. What is multilingualism?; 1.1 What is multilingualism about?; 1.1.1 Definitions of multilingualism; 1.1.2 Are bilingualism and multilingualism the same or different?; 1.2 Individual and social multilingualism; 1.3 Historical and Current Multilingualism; 1.4 How many languages and speakers are there in the world?; 1.5 The purview of multilingualism; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; 2. Multilingualism as an exceptional resource; 2.1 Resources of multilingualism; 2.2 How unique is human language and the ability for multilingualism?; 2.2.1 Pavlov's second and first signal systems; 2.2.2 Animal communication; can animals be multilingual?; 2.3 Human language; 2.3.1 Language universals; 2.3.2 Language features in different languages; 2.3.3 Linguistic relativity/linguistic determinism hypothesis; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; 3. Multilingualism as a modern reality and a field of knowledge; 3.1 Social awareness in languages; 3.1.1 Paradigms and stages; 3.1.2 The Monolingual stage; 3.1.3 The Bilingual stage; 3.1.4 The Multilingual stage; 3.2 The New Linguistic Dispensation; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; Part II: Languages; 4. Languages of the world; 4.1 Languages and dialects; 4.1.1 What is a language?; 4.1.2 What is a dialect?; 4.1.3 Dialect continuum; 4.2 Language Standardization; 4.2.1 Standardization and codification; 4.2.2 Pluricentric languages; 4.3 Linguistic distance; 4.4 Kashru's Circles and the World Englishes; 4.5 Language varieties resulting from language contact; 4.5.1 Pidgins and Creoles; 4.5.2 Bilingual mixed languages; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; 5. Classifications of languages; 5.1 Linguistic classifications of languages; 5.1.1 Word order typology; 5.1.2 Linguistic Structural Typology; 5.1.3 Genetic classification of languages 5.2 Sociolinguistic classifications of languages; 5.2.1 The Galactic model (de Swaan); 5.2.2 Economic-related hierarchies; 5.3 Distinct categories of languages; 5.3.1 Lingua francas: English as a Lingua Franca; 5.3.2 Sign languages; 5.3.3 Artificial (constructed) languages; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; Part III: Multilingualism in society; 6. Multilingualism at the societal level: basic concepts; 6.1 Language contact; 6.1.1 Borrowing; 6.1.2 Sprachbund; 6.2 Speech community; 6.3 Diglossia; 6.4 Domain; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; 7. Societal Multilingualism: Multilingual regions and countries; 7.1 How do countries become multilingual?; 7.2 Roles and status of languages in multilingual countries and organizations; 7.3 Diversity of multilingualism; 7.3.1 Measures of linguistic diversity; 7.3.2 How multilingual countries differ from each other; 7.3.3 Multilingual regions and countries: Africa and India; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; Part IV: Individual Multilingualism; 8. Individual Multilingualism: psycholinguistic and cognitive dimensions; 8.1 Who are the multilinguals?; 8.2. Special features and language behaviour of multilinguals; 8.3 Multilinguals in conditions of health and decline; 8.3.1 Early and late multilinguals; 8.3.2 Age and additional language acquisition; 8.3.3 The impact of multilingualism in situations of healthy aging and disease; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; 9. Individual Multilingualism: social dimensions; 9.1 Multilinguality – the identity of a multilingual; 9.1.1 The expansion of the identity concept technology impact on multilingual identity multimodal dimensions of multilingual identity; 9.1.2 Multilinguality;9.2 Trajectories of becoming multilingual; 9.2.1 Simultaneous and successive patterns of acquisition; 9.2.2 Hoffmann's typology of trilinguals; 9.2.3 Becoming or not becoming multilingual: challenges and choices of multilingual families; 9.3 Various categories of multilinguals; 9.3.1 Polyglots; 9.3.2 Other exceptional multilinguals; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; Part V: How do we experience and study multilingualism; 10. The ways we experience, treat and use languages; 10.1 The way we treat languages - language nominations; 10.1.1 What are language nominations?; 10.1.2 How do language nominations emerge?; 10.1.3 Language nominations: how expedient are they?; 10.2 The way we use languages. Language Repertoire and Dominant Language Constellations; 10.2.1 Language repertoire; 10.2.2.Dominant Language Constellations; 10.3. The way we experience languages; 10.3.1 Translanguaging and code-switching; 10.3.2 Intercomprehension/ receptive multilingualism; 10.3.3The material culture of multilingualism; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; 11. Methods of studying multilingualism; 11.1 Features of multilingualism research; 11.2 Research methodologies and types of research; 11.2.1 Research philosophies methodologies and research types; 11.2.2 Quantitative research; 11.2.3 Qualitative research; 11.2.4 Holistic and Complexity research; 11.2.5 Triangulation; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; 12. Models of multilingualism; 12.1 What are theories and what are models?; 12.2 Models of multilingualism; 12.2.1 Factor model by Hufeisen; 12.2.2 DMM by Herdina and Jessner; 12.2.3 Biotic model by Aronin and Ó Laoire; 12.2.4 Role-Function model by Williams and Hammarberg; 12.2.5 Multilingual Processing Model by Mei?ner; 12.3 Modelling in multilingualism; Summary; Further Reading, Exercises and Reflective Questions; Conclusion: Reflecting on multilingualism; Languages Index; Subject Index; Bibliography ?