Amobarbital Effects and Lateralized Brain Function: The Wada Test

ISBN-13: 9781461277040 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 138 str.

Loring, David W.

Opis

The intracarotid amobarbital (or Amytal) procedure is commonly referred to as the Wada test in tribute to Juhn Wada, the physician who devised the technique and performed the fIrst basic animal research and clinical studies with this method. Wada testing has become an integral part of the pre- operative evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Interestingly, however, Wada initially developed this method as a technique to assess language dominance in psychiatric patients in order that electroconvulsant therapy could be applied unilaterally to the non-dominant hemisphere. Epilepsy surgery has matured as a viable treatment for intractable seizures and is no longer confmed to a few major universities and medical institutes. Yet, as is increasingly clear by examining the surveys of approaches used by epilepsy surgery centers (e.g., Rausch, 1987; Snyder, Novelly, & Harris, 1990), there is not only great heterogeneity in the methods used during Wada testing to assess language and memory functions, but there also seems to be a lack of consensus regarding the theoretical assumptions, and perhaps, even the goals of this procedure.

Spis treści

1. Language.- Studies from the Montreal Neurological Institute.- Original Reports.- Milner, Branch & Rasmussen (1966).- Milner (1975)/Rasmussen & Milner (1975).- Rasmussen & Milner (1977).- Montreal Conclusions.- Bilateral Language.- Medical College of Georgia Study.- Reasons for Discrepancies.- Factors Associated with Atypical Representation.- Age of Injury.- Lesion Variables.- Handedness.- Summary.- Language Validation.- Validation of Non-Invasive Behavioral Techniques.- The Crowding Hypothesis.- Summary.- Clinical Application.- 2. Memory.- Historical Background.- Original Reports of Post-Surgical Amnesia.- Baldwin (1956).- Scoville & Milner (1957).- Walker (1957).- Penfield & Milner (1958).- Serafetinides & Falconer (1962).- Dimsdale, Logue & Piercy (1964).- Conclusions.- Rationale for Wada Memory Assessment.- Milner, Branch & Rasmussen (1962).- General Assessment Strategies.- Memory Studies Involving Continuous Material Recognition.- Conclusions.- Memory Studies Involving Discrete Item Presentation.- Comment.- Retrograde Amnesia.- Methodologic Considerations.- Psychometric Issues.- Limitations.- Posterior Cerebral Artery Injection.- Conclusions.- Practical Considerations.- 3. EEG and Neurologic Functions.- Review of Major Studies.- Neurological and EEG Effects.- Summary and Conclusions.- 4. Attention.- Arousal and Consciousness.- Medical College of Georgia Study.- Conclusions.- Hemispheric Specializations.- Medical College of Georgia Study on Tactile Attention.- Conclusions.- Boston Study on Visuospatial Neglect.- Conclusions.- Medical College of Georgia Study on Eye Gaze.- Conclusions.- 5. Emotion.- Emotional Perception and Expression.- Major Empirical Investigations.- Early Italian Investigations.- University of Genoa Study.- Montreal Neurologic Institute Study.- Medical College of Georgia Study.- Causes of Amobarbital Emotional Reactions.- Dosage and Degree of Drug Crossflow.- Type of Disease.- Premorbid Personality.- Hemispheric Specialization for Emotion.- Transcallosal Inhibition Hypothesis.- Summary.- Lateralization of Autonomic Function.- Summary and Conclusions.- 6. MCG Wada Protocol.- Language Rating.- Memory Testing.- Wada Protocol Form.- References.- Senior Author Index.