One: Introduction; Two: Six Centuries of Rising Grain Production; Three: Improved Seeds, Changing Cropping Patterns, and New Crops; Four: Farm Implements, Water Control, and Fertilizer; Mathematical Supplement to Chapters III and IV; Five: The Distribution of Land and the Effects of Tenancy; Six: Rural Marketing and Its Impact on Farm Output; Seven: Urbanization, Famine, and the Market for Grain; Eight: Centralized Government and the Traditional Economy; Nine: Conclusion