Aggregate and Industry-Level Productivity Analyses

ISBN-13: 9789400981256 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 195 str.

Ali Dogramaci;Nabil R. Adam

Opis

1 Ali Dogramaci and Nabil R. Adam 1.1. OVERVIEW With the decline of U.S. productivity growth, interest has surged to under stand the behavior of productivity measures through time, the conceptual foundations of productivity analysis, and the linkage between productivity performance and other major forces in the economy. The purpose of this volume is to present a brief overview of some of the concepts used in aggre gate and industry-level productivity analyses and the results of some of the recent research in this field. The book is divided into three parts. Part I covers some of the methodo logical approaches used in aggregate and industry-level productivity studies. Part II deals with the movement of labor productivity measures through time. The papers in this part of the book study productivity changes as uni variate time series and analyze some of the characteristics of the patterns displayed. The papers in Part III address the issues of measurement of capi tal, the relation of capital formation to productivity growth, and the rela tion of imported intermediate inputs to U.S. productivity performance."

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Overview.- 1.2 The Issues under Analysis.- References.- I Methodological Approaches.- 2 Methodological Issues in Aggregate Productivity Analysis.- 2.1 The Concept of Total Factor Productivity.- 2.2 The Separability Assumption.- 2.3 Productivity and Technical Change.- 2.4 Total Factor Productivity Indexes.- 2.5 Unbiased and Unique Discrete Approximations to TFP Indexes.- 2.6 Aggregation Biases.- 2.7 Value Added versus Gross Output.- 2.8 The Concept and Measurement of Capital.- 2.9 Productivity Indexes and Production Functions.- 2.10 Production Functions, Cost Functions, and Productivity Change.- 2.11 TFP Analysis on an Aggregate Level: Some Applications.- 2.12 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Technological Change and Productivity in Input-Output Analysis and the Potential of Sectoral Optimization Models.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Leontief Input-Output Models.- 3.3 Technological Change, Productivity Adjustment, and Structural Change in an Input-Output System.- 3.4 Optimization of Input-Output Systems.- 3.5 Representation of Technology in Input-Output Systems.- 3.6 Sectoral Optimization and Structural Change of an Input-Output System.- 3.7 Concluding Remarks.- Notes.- References.- II Labor Productivity Patterns Through Time.- 4 On the Interpretation of Industry Productivity Indexes.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The Productivity Index and Production Functions.- 4.3 The Production Function as Model.- 4.4 The Observable Patterns.- 4.5 The Patterns and Productivity.- 4.6 Discussion.- 4.7 Conclusion.- References.- 5 The Asymmetric Behavior of Labor Productivity during the Business Cycle.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The Background.- 5.3 The Data.- 5.4 Behavior of the Autoregressive Representation.- 5.5 Predictions for 1975–1978.- 5.6 Conclusions.- Notes.- References.- III Measurement Issues and Productivity Relationships.- 6 Technical Change, Capital Investment, and Productivity in U.S. Metalworking Industries.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Characteristics of the Metalworking Industry.- 6.3 Capital Investment and Productivity Advance in Metalworking.- 6.4 Post-World War II Developments in Machine Tool Design.- 6.5 The Economics of Investment in Machine Tools.- 6.6 The Current Period.- 6.7 Summary.- Appendix: Sources and Methods of Table 6.12.- Note.- Reference.- 7 The Role of Capital Formation in the Recent Slowdown in Productivity Growth.- 7.1 Overview.- 7.2 Capital Formation in the Nonfarm Business Sector.- 7.3 Measurement of Capital Input.- 7.4 Aggregation of the Elements of the Capital Stock.- 7.5 Growth of the Capital/Labor Ratio.- 7.6 The Link between Capital Formation and Labor Productivity.- 7.7 Capital Productivity Movements.- 7.8 Conclusions.- Appendix A: Separability Tests with the Translog Production Function.- Appendix B: The Effect of Pollution Control Investment on the Growth of Capital Stock.- Notes.- References.- 8 Imported Intermediate Input: Its Impact on Sectoral Productivity in U.S. Manufacturing.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Sectoral Production and Technical Change.- 8.3 Factor Augmentation.- 8.4 Estimating Model.- 8.5 Data Base.- 8.6 Findings.- 8.7 Conclusion.- Notes.- References.- Name Index.