Advances in Mutagenesis Research 2

ISBN-13: 9783642756016 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 326 str.

G. Nter Obe; E. E. Castilla; R. Drouin

Opis

The new field of applied genetic research, genetic toxicology and mutation research investigates the muta- genicity and cancerogenicity of chemicals and other agents. Permanent changes in genes and chromosomes, or genome mutations, can be induced by a plethora of agents, including ionizing and nonionizing radiations, chemicals, and viruses. Mutagenesis research has two aims: (1) to understand the molecular mechanisms leading to mutations, and (2) to prevent a thoughtless introduction of mutagenic agents into our environment. Both aspects, namely, basic and applied, will be treated in the new series Advances in Mutagenesis Research.

Spis treści

Evolution of DNA Sequence Contributions of Mutational Bias and Selection to the Origin of Chromosomal Compartments.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Composition-Based Selection in Genomes.- 3 Effects of Mutational Bias on Genome Composition and Structure.- 4 Molecular Mechanisms of the Mutational Bias.- 5 Conclusions.- References.- Dynamic Banding for High-Resolution Analysis of Chromosomes and Assignment of DNA Replication Times.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cell Cycle and DNA Replication.- 3 BrdUrd Incorporation and Detection.- 4 Dynamic Bands.- 5 Applications.- 6 Important Topics Concerning Dynamic Bands.- 7 Conclusion.- References.- Mutational Bias, Molecular Ecology, and Chromosome Evolution.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Sequence Organization Along the Banded Chromosome.- 3 Subclasses of Bands.- 4 Chromosome Mutations Associated with Band Subsets.- 5 The Constant Molecular Clock and Molecular Ecology.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- Automated Cytogenetics in the Study of Mutagenesis and Cancer.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Image Analysis in Cytogenetics.- 3 Metaphase Location.- 4 Visual Scoring Using an Automated Microscope.- 5 Automatic Scoring of Aberrations.- 6 Cancer Cytogenetics.- 7 Conclusions.- References.- Chromosome Aberrations of Blood Lymphocytes Induced by Low-Level Doses of Ionizing Radiation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theoretical Considerations on the Effect of Ionizing Radiation.- 3 In Vivo Investigations on Chromosome Aberrations.- 4 In Vitro Experiments.- 5 Discussion.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- The Surveillance of Birth Defects in South America: I. The Search for Time Clusters: Epidemics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The ECLAMC.- 3 Identifying the Population at Risk.- 4 The Monitoring of Teratogens.- 5 The Monitoring of Mutagens (Sentinel Anomalies).- 6 What to do with the Alarms.- References.- The Surveillance of Birth Defects in South America: II. The Search for Geographic Clusters: Endemics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Focus.- 3 Rumors.- 4 Endemics.- References.- Individual Genetic Counseling or Eugenics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Individual Genetic Counseling.- 3 Eugenics.- 4 Eugenics and Individual Genetic Counseling.- References.- The Use of Intact Mammalian Cells as Metabolic Activation Systems in Mutagenicity Tests.- 1 Shortcomings of Subcellular S-9 Mix as Activation System.- 2 Intact Mammalian Cells Competent in Metabolizing Xenobiotics.- 3 Isolated and Cultured Hepatocytes.- 4 Genotoxicity Studies with Primary Hepatocytes.- 5 Epithelial Liver Cell Lines in Genotoxicity Studies.- 6 Cell-Mediated Assays in Genotoxicity Studies: Problem of Cell-to-Cell Transfer of Reactive Metabolites.- 7 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Cell Transformation in Vitro by Mutagens/Carcinogens.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Transformation Systems.- 3 Cytogenetics of Cell Transformation in Vitro.- 4 Molecular Changes in the in Vitro Transformation Process.- 5 Conclusion.- References.