Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology: Volume 4

ISBN-13: 9781461590613 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 331 str.

Mars G. Fontana; Roger W. Staehle

Opis

This series was organized to provide a forum for review papers in the area of corrosion. The aim of these reviews is to bring certain areas of corrosion science and technology into a sharp focus. The volumes of this series are published approximately on a yearly basis and each contains three to five reviews. The articles in each volume are selected in such a way as to be of interest both to the corrosion scientists and the corrosion technologists. There is, in fact, a particular aim in juxtaposing these interests because of the importance of mutual interaction and interdisciplinarity so important in corrosion studies. It is hoped that the corrosion scientists in this way may stay abreast of the activities in corrosion technology and vice versa. In this series the term "corrosion" is used in its very broadest sense. It includes, therefore, not only the degradation of metals in aqueous en- vironment but also what is commonly referred to as "high-temperature oxidation. " Further, the plan is to be even more general than these topics; the series will include all solids and all environments. Today, engineering solids include not only metals but glasses, ionic solids, polymeric solids, and composites of these. Environments of interest must be extended to liquid metals, a wide variety of gases, nonaqueous electrolytes, and other non- aqueous liquids.

Spis treści

1 The Mechanical Properties and Breakdown of Surface Films at Elevated Temperatures.- Stresses Developed During Isothermal Oxidation.- Volume Ratio of the Metal and the Oxide Produced.- Influence of Epitaxial Relationships between Metal and Surface Oxide.- Effect of Composition Changes in the Metal and Oxide during Exposure.- Influence of Vacancy Generation in the Substrate Metal.- Influence of Specimen Geometry on Stresses Developed in Surface Oxides.- Stresses Developed During Thermal Cycling Conditions.- Effect of Superimposed Stresses on the Mechanical Stability of Oxide Scales.- Behavior of Bulk Oxides under Stress.- Behavior of Surface Oxides under Stress.- Methods of Measuring Mechanical Properties of Oxides.- Measurement of Internal Stresses in Surface Oxides.- Measurement of Elastic and Plastic Properties of Oxides.- Measurement of Interfacial Adhesive Properties.- Mechanisms of Stress Relief.- Elastic Failure of the Scale.- Stress Relief by Plastic Deformation of the Scale.- Deformation of the Substrate Metal.- Detachment at the Metal-Scale Interface.- Influence of Corrosive Contaminants on Oxide Stability.- Methods of Improving Mechanical Properties of Surface Oxides.- General Conclusions.- References.- 2 Anodic Dissolution of Metals—Anomalous Valence.- Transitory or Uncommon Ion Mechanism.- Related Phenomena.- Anodic Disintegration.- Film Control Mechanisms.- Difference Effect.- Anodic Dissolution of Metals.- Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium.- Beryllium and Magnesium.- Zinc and Cadmium.- Discussion.- References.- 3 Corrosion of Metals in Organic Solvents.- Classification of Organic Solvents According to Their Properties And Corrosivities.- Solvation in Organic Solvents—Protic and Aprotic Solvents.- One-Component and Multicomponent Systems.- One-Phase and Multiphase Systems.- Thermodynamics and Stoichiometry.- Reaction Types and Stoichiometry.- General Thermodynamic Relationships and Calculations.- Acidity in Amphiprotic Media.- pH Values in Organic Solvents.- Electrochemical Acidity Functions in Organic Solvents.- Electrode Potentials in Organic Solvents.- Corrosion Potentials in Organic Solvents.- Kinetics and Mechanisms.- Solvent Properties Important for Reaction Kinetics.- Discussion of Partial Reactions and Their Parameters.- Influence of the Metal Phase.- Influence of the Medium Phase.- Electrode Potentials and Currents.- Influence of Temperature.- Electrochemical and “Chemical” Corrosion Mechanisms.- Mechanistic Findings on Specific Corrosion Phenomena- Cracking.- Borderline Mechanisms to High-Temperature Corrosion.- Corrosion Failures and Their Prevention.- Case Histories.- Tabular Summary of Corrosion Failures and Their Prevention.- Phenomenology of Attack—Deterioration of the Environment.- Principles of Corrosion Prevention in Organic Solvents.- Conclusions.- References.- 4 Chromium Depletion and Void Formation in Fe—Ni—Cr Alloys During Molten Salt Corrosion and Related Processes.- Chemical Reactions.- Molten Fluoride Salts.- Molten Chloride Salts.- Liquid Metals.- Oxidation.- Reducing, Oxidizing, and Carburizing Environments, Including Hot Corrosion.- Heat Treatment.- Vaporization.- Sensitization.- Sigma Formation.- Summary.- References.