Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology

ISBN-13: 9781461582601 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 421 str.

Mars G. Fontana; Roger W. Staehle

Opis

This series was organized to provide a forum for review papers in the area of corrosion. The aim of these reviews is to bring certain areas of corrosion science and technology into a sharp focus. The volumes of this series are published approximately on a yearly basis and each contains three to five reviews. The articles in each volume are sekcted in such a way as to be of interest both to the corrosion scientists and the corrosion technologists. There is, in fact, a particular aim in juxtaposing these interests because of the importance of mutual interaction and interdisciplinarity so important in corrosion studies. It is hoped that the corrosion scientists in this way may stay abreast of the activities in corrosion technology and vice versa. In this series the term "corrosion" is used in its very broadest sense. It includes, therefore, not only the degradation of metals in aqueous en- vironment but also what is commonly referred to as "high-temperature oxidation. " Further, the plan is to be even more general than these topics; the series will include all solids and all environments. Today, engineering solids include not only metals but glasses, ionic solids, polymeric solids, and composites of these. Environments of interest must be extended to liquid metals, a wide variety of gases, nonaqueous electrolytes, and other non- aqueous liquids.

Spis treści

1 Corrosion and Deposition of Steels and Nickel-Base Alloys in Liquid Sodium.- Corrosion in Simple Ideal Systems.- Behavior of Steels in Liquid Na.- Chemistry of Solid-Liquid Metal Reactions.- Solubilities of Fe, Cr, and Ni in Na.- Interactions among Metal Solutes in Na.- Interactions with Nonmetals.- Diffusivities of Fe, Cr, and Ni in Liquid Na.- Nature and Kinetics of Reactions at the Solid-Liquid Interface.- Corrosion and Deposition Observations.- Initial Corrosion of Steels in Na.- Effects of Oxygen on Corrosion of Steels and Ni-Base Alloys in Na.- Effects of Sodium Velocity on Corrosion of Steels and Ni-Base Alloys.- Effects of System Geometry on Corrosion Rate.- Effect of Temperature and Differential Temperature.- Deposition of the Corrosion Products in Sodium Systems.- Summary of Corrosion and Deposition Observations.- Corrosion Models.- General Models for Liquid Metal Corrosion.- Recent Hypotheses.- Proposed Model for the Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Na.- Discussion of the Proposed Corrosion Equation.- Quantitative Comparison between the Corrosion Equation (38) and Experimentally Observed Corrosion Rates.- Predictions of the Model.- Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Oxygen-Free Sodium.- Behavior of Minor Constituents of the Stainless Steel.- Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 2 Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Titanium Alloys.- Physical Metallurgy of Titanium.- Allotropy of Titanium.- Phase Transformations in Titanium Alloys.- Deformation Modes of Titanium and Its Alloys.- Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Aspects of Commercial Alloys.- Effect of Interstitial Elements on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys.- Electrochemistry of Titanium.- Chemistry.- Thermodynamics.- Kinetics.- Reactions in Organic Solvents.- Reactions in Molten Salts.- Reactions in N2O4.- Presentation of Stress-Corrosion Cracking Data.- Mechanical Variables.- Environmental Variables.- Metallurgical Variables.- Fracture.- Morphology of Fracture.- Fracture in Aqueous Solutions.- Fracture in Methanolic Solutions.- Fracture in Other Organic Liquids.- Fracture in Nitrogen Tetroxide.- Fracture in Red Fuming Nitric Acid.- Fracture in Hot Salts.- Fracture in Molten Salts.- Fracture in Liquid Metals.- Crack Branching.- Features of Crack Propagation.- Discussion.- Basic Problems.- Models of SCC.- Practical Aspects of SCC of Titanium Alloys.- Industrial Uses of Titanium.- Design Considerations.- Material Selection.- Practical Application of SCC Data.- Prevention of SCC in Titanium Alloys.- Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 3 Intergranular Corrosion of Iron-Nickel-Chromium Alloys.- The Iron-Nickel-Chromium System.- Review of Iron-Nickel-Chromium Metallurgy.- Review of the Electrochemistry of Iron-Nickel-Chromium Alloys.- Phenomenology and Models.- Sensitization of Austenitic Stainless Steels.- Sensitization of High-Nickel Alloys.- Sensitization of Ferrite Stainless Steels.- Duplex Stainless Steels.- Welding and Intergranular Attack.- Environmental Variables.- Intergranular Corrosion without Sensitization.- Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking.- Experimental Techniques and Method.- Chemical and Electrochemical Tests.- Electrochemical Tests.- Correlation of Tests with Service Environments.- Metallographic Techniques; Structural Analysis.- Miscellaneous Techniques.- Summary.- References.- Note Added in Proof.