1 A Review.- Challenges of computer-based human assessment: A review.- 2 Operational Issues.- New directions in intelligent cognitive systems.- Measures of thirty cognitive tasks: Analysis of reliabilities, intercorrelations and correlations with aptitude battery scores.- Speed of cognitive processing: Cross-cultural findings on structure and relation to intelligence, tempo, temperament and brain function.- Validation of the MICROPAT battery of pilot aptitude tests.- Microcomputer-based psychological assessment: An advance in helping severely physically disabled people.- nalysing learning strategies through microcomputer-based problem solving tasks.- Confronting computer models of children’s word problem solving with empirical data.- An approach to the use of computers in instructional testing.- The construction and use of a computer-based learning process test.- 3 Theoretical Issues.- Item bias and individual differences.- Conceptual implications of item bias.- Finding the biasing trait(s).- Evaluation of the plot method for identifying potentially biased test items.- Latent class representation of systematic patterns in test responses.- An information-processing approach to item equivalence.- Group differences in structured tests.- References.