Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery: Volume 34

ISBN-13: 9783211787403 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 209 str.

John D. Pickard; Nejat Akalan; Concezio Di Rocco

Opis

Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery was conceived in 1972byitsfoundingfathersJeanBrihaye, BernardPertuiset, FritzLoew andHugoKrayenbuuhlatacombinedmeetingoftheItalianandGerman NeurosurgicalSocietiesinTaormina. Itwasdesignedtocomplementthe Europeanpost-graduatetrainingsystemforyoungneurosurgeonsandwas ?rst published in 1974 initially through sponsorship by the European AssociationofNeurosurgicalSocieties. Allcontributionshavebeenp- lishedinEnglishtofacilitateinternationalunderstanding. Theambitionofallsuccessiveeditorialboardshasbeentoprovidean opportunityformaturescholarshipandre?ection, notconstrainedbyar- ?ciallimitsonspace. Theseriesprovidesaremarkableaccountofprogress overthepast35years, bothwithregardtoadvances, detaileddescriptions of standard operative procedures and in- depth reviews of established knowledge. Thepresentvolumeisnoexceptionandshouldappealtoboth experiencedneurosurgeonsandyoungneurosurgeonsintrainingalike. TheEditors Contents Listofcontributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII Advances Present and potential future adjuvant issues in high-grade astrocytic glioma 1,2 1 1 2 1 treatment. F. LEFRANC, M. RYNKOWSKI, O. DEWITTE, andR. KISS, Department ofNeurosurgery, ErasmeUniversityHospital, FreeUniversityofBrussels(U. L. B. ), 2 Brussels, Belgium, LaboratoryofToxicology, InstituteofPharmacy, FreeUniversity ofBrussels(U. L. B. ), Brussels, Belgium Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Naturalresistanceofmigratingmalignantgliomacellstoapoptosis (radiotherapyandchemotherapy). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Patternsofcelldeath. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Autophagy: apotentialTrojanhorseformalignantgliomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Therapeuticbene?tsoftemozolomide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Localtherapiesforglioblastomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Ongoingclinicaltrialsforglioblastomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Growthfactorreceptorinhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 PI3K=Akt, mTORandNF- Binhibitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Matrixmetalloproteinase(MMP)inhibitors(MMPI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Angiogenesistargeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Cellularandvaccinationtherapies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Genetherapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Reducingmalignantgliomacellmotilityinordertorestore pro-apoptoticdrugsensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Thesodiumpumpconstitutesapotentialtargettocombat malignantgliomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Thesodiumpump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Cardiotonicsteroids: ligandsofthesodiumpump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 VIII Contents Thesodiumpumpisinvolvedincancercellproliferation, migrationanddeath. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Braintumorstemcellsapotentialtargettocombatmalignantgliomas. . . . . . . 26 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Deepbrainstimulationforpsychiatricdisorders stateoftheart. T. E. SCHLA APFER and B. H. BEWERNICK, Brain Stimulation Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, UniversityHospitalBonn, GermanyandDepartmentsofPsychiatry andMentalHealth, TheJohnsHopkinsUniversity, MD, USA Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Historyofdeepbrainstimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 PrinciplesofDBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 NeurobiologyofdepressionandOCD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Neurobiologyofdepression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 NeurobiologyofOCD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 StudiesofDBSandpsychiatricdisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Problemsintargetselection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Targetsindepression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 TargetsinOCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 SafetyandadvantagesofDBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 EthicalaspectsandstandardsinDBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Ethicalconsiderations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ThepathtowardsmandatorystandardsforDBSinpsychiatricdisorders. . . . . . . . 52 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 ThefutureofDBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Standards High?ow

Spis treści

Advances.- Present and potential future adjuvant issues in high-grade astrocytic glioma treatment.- Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders — state of the art.- Standards.- High flow extracranial to intracranial vascular bypass procedure for giant aneurysms: indications, surgical technique, complications and outcome.- Decompression for Chiari type I-malformation (with or without syringomyelia) by extreme lateral foramen magnum opening and expansile duraplasty with arachnoid preservation: comparison with other technical modalities (Literature review).- Vagal nerve stimulation — a 15-year survey of an established treatment modality in epilepsy surgery.- Surgical anatomy and surgical approaches to the lateral ventricles.