Active Interrogation in Nuclear Security: Science, Technology and Systems

ISBN-13: 9783030089986 / Angielski / Miękka / 2019 / 361 str.

Igor Jovanovic; Anna S. Erickson

Spis treści

Preface  

1. Introduction 

1.1. Historical perspective on nuclear security

1.2. The problem of nuclear terrorism in the broader context of nuclear security

1.3. The role of policy in nuclear security

1.4. Overview of active measurements

1.5. Overview of fielded AI systems and main challenges

2. Measurement needs and challenges in nuclear security 

2.1. Special nuclear material (SNM) and other material of relevance 

2.2. Signatures of SNM

2.3. Natural backgrounds

2.4. Detection limits

3. Features and limitations of passive measurements 

3.1. Principles of passive measurements

3.2. Magnitude of passive signatures

3.3. Technology for passive measurements

3.4. Limitations of passive measurements

4. Foundations of active measurements 

4.1. The active interrogation technique

4.2. Comparison of active and passive measurement techniques

4.3. Impact of active measurements on detectability

4.4. Technology for active measurements

4.5. Limitations of active measurements

5. Radiation sources for active interrogation 

5.1. General characteristics of AI probe technologies

5.2. Linear accelerators and bremsstrahlung sources

5.3. DD and DT portable neutron sources

5.4. Laser-based radiation sources

5.5. Ion accelerators and low-energy nuclear reactions

5.6. Radioisotope sources

5.7. Natural radiation background as an AI probe

6. Detectors and measurement techniques 

6.1. General characteristic of detectors for AI 

6.2. Gamma-ray spectroscopy

6.3. Thermal neutron detection

6.4. Fast neutron detection and spectroscopy

6.5. X-ray and gamma ray imaging

6.6. Neutron imaging6.7. Other detector systems

7. Data acquisition and processing systems 

7.1. Analog systems

7.2. Digital systems

7.3. Data processing and storage

8. Modeling and simulation 

8.1. Analytical vs Monte Carlo techniques

8.2. Standard Monte Carlo simulation frameworks

8.3. Fidelity of Monte Carlo simulations

8.4. Examples of modeling of active measurement systems

9. Data interpretation and algorithms  

9.1. Planar and tomographic imaging systems

9.2. Principal component analysis and related methods

9.3. Signature unfolding techniques 

9.4. Advanced algorithms for distributed detection systems

10. Examples of active measurement systems 

10.1. Neutron activation analysis based techniques

10.2. Rapiscan

10.3. Nuclear Carwash

10.4. Passport Systems

10.5. Muon tomography systems

10.6. Inverse Compton scattering prototype systems

11. Radiation dose in various systems 

11.1. Regulations of dose exposure 

11.2. External dose assessment

11.3. Cargo activation in active measurements

11.4. Methods of dose reduction in active interrogation

12. Science and technology trends

13. Conclusion

O autorze

Igor Jovanovic is a Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences at the University of Michigan and has previously also taught at Penn State University and Purdue University. He received his Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley and worked as physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Jovanovic has made numerous contributions to the science and technology of radiation detection, as well as the radiation sources for use in active interrogation in nuclear security. He has taught numerous undergraduate and graduate courses in areas that include radiation detection, nuclear physics, and nuclear security. At University of Michigan Dr. Jovanovic is the director of Neutron Science Laboratory and is also associated with the Center for Ultrafast Optical Science.  

Anna Erickson is an Assistant Professor in the Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program of the G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology. Previously, she was a postdoctoral researcher in the Advanced Detectors Group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Erickson received her PhD from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a focus on radiation detection for active interrogation applications. Her research interests focus on nuclear non-proliferation including antineutrino analysis and non-traditional detector design and characterization. She teaches courses in advanced experimental detection for reactor and nuclear nonproliferation applications, radiation dosimetry and fast reactor analysis.

Blurb

This volume constitutes the state-of-the-art in active interrogation, widely recognized as indispensable methods for addressing current and future nuclear security needs.  Written by a leading group of science and technology experts, this comprehensive reference presents technologies and systems in the context of the fundamental physics challenges and practical requirements. It compares the features, limitations, technologies, and impact of passive and active measurement techniques; describes radiation sources for active interrogation including electron and ion accelerators, intense lasers, and radioisotope-based sources; and it describes radiation detectors used for active interrogation. Entire chapters are devoted to data acquisition and processing systems, modeling and simulation, data interpretation and algorithms, and a survey of working active measurement systems. Active Interrogation in Nuclear Security is structured to appeal to a range of audiences, including graduate students, active researchers in the field, and policy analysts.

• The first book devoted entirely to active interrogation
• Presents a focused review of the relevant physics
• Surveys available technology
• Analyzes scientific and technology trends  
Provides historical and policy context      

Igor Jovanovic is a Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences at the University of Michigan and has previously also taught at Penn State University and Purdue University. He received his Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley and worked as physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Jovanovic has made numerous contributions to the science and technology of radiation detection, as well as the radiation sources for use in active interrogation in nuclear security. He has taught numerous undergraduate and graduate courses in areas that include radiation detection, nuclear physics, and nuclear security. At University of Michigan Dr. Jovanovic is the director of Neutron Science Laboratory and is also associated with the Center for Ultrafast Optical Science. 

Anna Erickson is an Assistant Professor in the Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program of the G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology. Previously, she was a postdoctoral researcher in the Advanced Detectors Group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Erickson received her PhD from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a focus on radiation detection for active interrogation applications. Her research interests focus on nuclear non-proliferation including antineutrino analysis and non-traditional detector design and characterization. She teaches courses in advanced experimental detection for reactor and nuclear nonproliferation applications, radiation dosimetry and fast reactor analysis.