Acid in the Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects

ISBN-13: 9780387375618 / Angielski / Twarda / 2006 / 332 str.

Gerald R. Visgilio; Diana M. Whitelaw

Opis

The Goodwin-Niering Center for Conservation Biology and Environmental Studies at Connecticut College is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary program that builds on one of the nation's leading undergraduate environmental studies programs. The Center fosters research, education and curriculum development aimed at under standing contemporary ecological challenges. One of the major goals of the Good win-Niering Center involves enhancing the understanding of both the College com munity and the general public with respect to ecological, political, social, and economic factors that affect natural resource use. To this end, the Center has offered five conferences at which academicians, representatives of federal and state govern ment, and individuals from non-government environmental organizations are brought together for an in-depth, interdisciplinary evaluation of important environ mental issues. On April 1 and 2, 2005, the Center presented the Elizabeth Babbott Conant interdisciplinary conference on Acid in the Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects. The Connecticut Institute of Water Resources at the Univer sity of Connecticut, the Connecticut Chapter of The Nature Conservancy and the Connecticut Sea Grant College Program joined the Center as conference sponsors. During the past twenty five years acid rain, formally referred to as acid deposi tion, has been the focus of much political debate and scholarly research. Acid dep osition occurs when important precursor pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO DEGREES), mix with water vapor and oxidants in the atmosphere and fall back to earth in either wet or dry form."

Spis treści

Preface Acknowledgements List of Figures List of Tables 1. Acid in the Environment: An Overview Gerald R. Visgilio, Jane Dawson, Peter A. Siver and Diana M. Whitelaw 2. Lessons Learned From the Acid Deposition Research Experience: An Historical Perspective Anthony C. Janetos PART I. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF ACID DEPOSITION 3. Acidic Deposition: Sources and Ecological Effects Charles T. Driscoll, Kathy Fallon Lambert and Limin Chen 4. Long-Term Changes in Boreal Lake and Stream Chemistry: Recovery From Acid Deposition and the Role of Climate Peter J. Dillon, Shaun A. Watmough, M. Catherine Eimers and Julian Aherne 5. Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition: Implications for Terrestrial Ecosystem Structure and Functioning Knute J. Nadelhoffer 6. Atmospheric Deposition and Nitrogen Pollution in Coastal Marine Ecosystems Robert W. Howarth PART II. ACID EMISSIONS ENERGY AND POLICY 7. The Politics of Acid Rain in Europe Miranda A. Schreurs 8. Acid Rain in a Wider Europe: The Post-Communist Transition and the Future European Acid Rain Policies Liliana B. Andonova 9. Acid Rain Politics in North America: Conflict to Cooperation to Collusion Don Munton 10. Air Quality and Power Production in the United States: Emissions Trading and State-Level Initiatives in the Control of Acid-Producing Emissions, Mercury, and Carbon Dioxide Daniel Sosland PART III. SULFUR DIOXIDE AND THE MARKET 11. Market-Based Approaches to Environmental Policy: A 'Refresher” Course Paul R. Portney 12. Economic Incentives Versus Command and Control: What’s the Best Approach for Solving Environmental Problems? Winston Harrington and Richard D. Morgenstern 13. Benefits and Costs From Sulfur Dioxide Trading: A Distributional Analysis Ronald J. Shadbegian, Wayne Gray and Cynthia Morgan 14. From SulfurDioxide to Greenhouse Gases: Trends and Events Shaping Future Emissions Trading Programs in the United States Joseph Kruger PART IV. LESSONS LEARNED AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 15. Atmospheric Deposition and Conservation: What is the Role for Conservation Organizations? Timothy H. Tear 16. Achieving a Solution to Acid Deposition and Other International Environmental Problems Robert A. Askins Contributors Index

O autorze

Gerald R. Visgilio is Professor of Economics and Associate Director of the Goodwin-Niering Center for Conservation Biology and Environmental Studies at Connecticut College where he also serves as the academic advisor to the Certificate Program in Environmental Studies. His research and teaching interests include an economic analysis of environmental and natural resource policy, environmental law, environmental justice and antitrust law and policy. He earned his B.A. from Providence College and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Rhode Island. Visgilio co-edited Our Backyard: A Quest for Environmental Justice, which was selected by Choice as an Outstanding Academic Title in Science and Technology in 2003 and America’s Changing Coasts: Private Rights and Public Trust in 2005.

Diana M. Whitelaw is Associate Director of the Goodwin-Niering Center for Conservation Biology and Environmental Studies at Connecticut College where she coordinates the Certificate Program in Environmental Studies. Whitelaw co-edited Our Backyard: A Quest for Environmental Justice, which was selected by Choice as an Outstanding Academic Title in Science and Technology in 2003 and America’s Changing Coasts: Private Rights and Public Trust in 2005. She earned her M.S. in Environmental Science from the University of New Haven and her Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut.

Blurb

Acid deposition is a large scale, long term environmental problem with more significant ecological impacts than previously anticipated. Today we recognize that resolution involves a perplexing set of policy issues, since the sources of pollution are often hundreds of miles away, and can only be accomplished through international cooperation, often at a global scale. Acid in the Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects is a collection of essays that blends the research findings and the policy analyses of individuals from different academic disciplines with the positions advanced by representatives of NGOs.

In Part I: Ecological Impacts of Acid Deposition, scientists emphasize the web of changes in complex ecosystems caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Analyses of domestic and international policies to control the emission of pollutants that cause acid rain are discussed in Part II: Acid Emissions Energy and Policy. The authors of Part III: Sulfur Dioxide and the Market provide the reader with an economic perspective on the control of sulfur dioxide emissions. The volume concludes with Part IV: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects, which reveals the acid deposition problem has served as a testing ground for applying scientific insights to public policy, forging international agreements and creating economically effective mechanisms to solve environmental problems. The rapid progress in reducing sulfur dioxide emissions in both North America and Europe is promising, and provides a good model for regions in eastern Asia where these emissions are growing fast.

Acid in the Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects presents a broad approach to the study of acid deposition, exposing readers with a scientific background to significant policy issues and those with a policy orientation to important ecological impacts. The book raises important questions that will serve as a springboard for discussion between diverse groups of teachers and students, concerned citizens and legislators, and scientists and policy makers.