PREFACE
GLOSSARY
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
1.CHRONOLOGY OF THE CONFLICT IN NORTHEASTERN SYRIA, 20111-2020
2.BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE SDF
3.SUPPORTING FROM AFAR: KOBANI TO AL-HAWL
4.ON THE GROUND: SHADADI TO MANBIJ
5.SCALING UP: THE RAQQA CAMPAIGN
6.OUTSIDE THE COMFORT ZONE: THE DEIR AL-ZOUR CAMPAIGN
7.STABILIZATION “BY, WITH AND THROUGH” THE SDF
8.ASSESSING AMERICA’S “BY, WITH AND THROUGH” CAMPAIGN IN NORTHEAST SYRIA
ANNEX 1: ANNOTATED ROSTER OF BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS IN NORTHEAST SYRIA, 2014-2020
ANNEX 2: YPG/SDF CLAIMED COMBAT LOSSES IN 2013-2019
Index