AI and the Future of the Public Sector: The Creation of Public Sector 4.0

ISBN-13: 9781119868101 / Angielski / Twarda / 2022 / 272 str.

Tony Boobier

Spis treści

Acknowledgments xvAbout the Author xviiIntroduction xixChapter 1Understanding the Key Building Blocks of Progress 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Key Building Blocks of Data Science and AI 21.2.1 Data Acquisition 21.2.2 Data Maintenance 21.2.3 Analysis 31.2.4 Communication 31.2.5 Machine Learning 41.2.6 Artificial Intelligence 41.2.7 Advantages and Disadvantages 41.2.8 Four Key Focuses for Future AI 51.3 Quantum Computing 71.3.1 What Is Quantum Computing? 71.3.2 Impact on Cybersecurity 91.4 Proliferation of Devices 91.5 5G and the Impact of Advanced Communications 111.5.1 Global Transformation 121.6 Public Sectors 4.0 121.7 Conclusion 141.8 Notes 15Chapter 2Office of Finance 172.1 Introduction 172.2 Forecasting and Public Finance Management 182.3 Forecasting 192.3.1 Qualitative Forecasting 192.3.2 Quantitative Forecasting 202.3.3 Forecasting for Public Sector Transformation 212.3.4 Managing Risk and Uncertainty 222.3.5 Forecasting in IT Projects 232.3.6 The Move Toward Activity-Based Costing 242.3.7 Hard Benefits and Soft Benefits 242.3.8 Enterprise Resource Planning 262.3.9 AI and Governmental Administration 282.3.10 Global Partnership on AI 292.4 Conclusion 302.5 Notes 30Chapter 3Public Order and Safety 333.1 Introduction 333.2 The Future of Policing in an AI Era 333.2.1 Transformation of Police Work 343.2.2 Criminal Use of AI 363.2.3 Police Use of New Technologies 363.2.4 Case Studies in Policing 373.2.5 Policing in China 383.2.6 Forward-Looking Policing 393.3 AI in Policing 413.3.1 Impact on Police Behavior 423.4 The Citizen as a Key Component of Future Policing 423.5 Police and Location Analytics 433.6 Policing Summary 443.7 Border Security and AI 453.8 Customs Reform 463.8.1 The Citizen and Taxation 473.9 Fire Safety and AI 483.9.1 Natural Fire Prevention 493.9.2 Prevention of Urban Fires 493.9.3 Smart Homes and Fire Detection 493.9.4 Commercial Fire Prevention 503.9.5 Firefighting Using AI 503.9.6 Fire Station Locations 513.10 Conclusion 513.11 Notes 52Chapter 4Personal Social Services 554.1 Introduction 554.2 Care Homes 564.2.1 The UK Model 574.2.2 Care Homes in Japan 594.2.3 The Canadian Picture 604.2.4 The Emergence of AgeTech 604.2.5 Going Forward 614.2.6 Conclusion 614.3 Impact on Children 624.4 Mental Health 644.5 Social Protection 664.5.1 Social Risk Framework 674.6 Employment and Benefit Management 704.7 Conclusion 724.8 Notes 73Chapter 5Health 775.1 Introduction 775.2 Digitalization and Its Importance in Healthcare 775.2.1 Different Categories of Data Sources in Healthcare 785.3 Medical Monitoring and Biosensors 795.3.1 Use of Biosensors in Mental Health 815.4 Innovating to Zero in Healthcare 825.4.1 Zero Invasive Surgery 825.4.2 Zero Waste Management 835.4.3 Zero Surgical Errors 845.5 Tissue Engineering 845.6 Cybernetics 855.7 Advancements in Drug Creation and Treatment 865.8 Case Studies in Healthcare 875.8.1 Ping An Good Doctor 875.8.2 Cancer Screening Case Study 875.9 Paramedics and AI 885.10 Cybersecurity in Healthcare 895.11 Conclusion 905.12 Notes 91Chapter 6Education 936.1 Introduction 936.2 Learning for the Future 946.3 Teaching in the Future 966.3.1 The Use of AI for Predicting Exam Success 976.4 AI and Language in the Classroom 986.4.1 Automated Essay Scoring 986.4.2 Removing Communication Barriers 996.5 Robots in the Classroom 996.6 The Shortage of Tech Talent 1006.7 Case Studies in Education 1016.8 Conclusion 1016.9 Notes 102Chapter 7Defense 1057.1 Introduction 1057.2 Use Cases of AI in Defense 1067.2.1 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance 1077.2.2 Logistics 1087.2.3 Cyberspace Operations 1087.2.4 Information Operations and "Deep Fakes" 1087.2.5 Command and Control 1087.2.6 AI and Augmented Reality Soldiers 1097.2.7 Semi-Autonomous and Autonomous Vehicles 1097.3 Ethical Issues 1107.4 Drones 1117.5 Conclusion 1137.6 Notes 114Chapter 8Smarter Cities and Transportation 1158.1 Introduction 1158.2 Smarter Cities 1158.2.1 Smart Infrastructure 1168.2.2 Smart Transportation 1168.2.3 Street Lighting 1168.2.4 Water Utilities 1178.2.5 Emergency Services 1178.2.6 Waste Collection and Disposal 1188.2.7 Maintenance of Public Places 1188.2.8 Humans as Devices 1188.2.9 Data Challenges for Smart Cities 1198.3 Transportation 1198.3.1 Traffic Management 1208.3.2 Road Safety 1208.3.3 Highway Maintenance 1218.3.4 Autonomous Trams 1218.3.5 Autonomous Taxis 1238.4 Railways and the Future of Rail 1238.4.1 Net Zero in Rail 1248.4.2 AI and Effective Rail Timetabling 1258.5 Air Travel 1268.6 Conclusion 1288.7 Notes 128Chapter 9Housing and the Environment 1319.1 Introduction 1319.2 AI in Social Housing 1319.2.1 Risk Management in Social Housing 1339.2.2 Transforming the Tenant Experience 1339.2.3 Case Study - Housemark Pilot 1349.2.4 Social Housing Fraud 1359.2.5 Tenant Viewpoint 1369.2.6 AI as a Virtual Housing Assistant 1379.2.7 Chatbots in Social Housing 1379.3 AI and the Environment 1389.4 Management of Natural Disasters 1399.4.1 Flooding and Flood Management 1399.4.2 Flood Defense 1409.4.3 Earthquakes, Windstorms, and Forest Fires 1419.5 Conclusion 1419.6 Notes 142Chapter 10Employment, Industry, and Agriculture 14510.1 Introduction 14510.2 Employment 14510.2.1 Unemployment 14610.3 AI and Industry 14810.3.1 State-Owned Enterprises 14910.3.2 China Model 15010.3.3 South African Model 15010.3.4 UK Model 15010.3.5 SOEs in the United States 15110.4 Agriculture 15110.4.1 The Role of AI in Agricultural Policy 15210.4.2 The Role of AI in Environmental Issues 15310.5 Conclusion 15310.6 Notes 154Chapter 11The Role of the State 15711.1 Introduction 15711.2 What Is the Role of the State? 15711.3 What Is Surveillance? 15911.4 Reasons for Surveillance 16011.5 Surveillance Capitalism 16111.6 Surveillance in Covid "Track and Trace" 16311.7 Data Justice and Independent Oversight 16411.8 A Contrary View 16611.9 The Ethics of Surveillance 16711.10 Nudging the Citizen 16811.11 Conclusion 17011.12 Notes 171Chapter 12Risk and Cybercrime 17312.1 Introduction 17312.2 The Nature of Risk 17312.2.1 Management of Risk 17412.2.2 Three Lines of Risk Defense 17612.3 Roles and Responsibilities in the Public Sector 17612.4 Examples of Risk 17612.4.1 Technology and System Failure 17712.4.2 Data Security and Privacy 17812.4.3 Employee Error 17912.4.4 Failure of Processes, Systems, and Policies 18012.4.5 Reputational Risk 18112.4.6 External Risk 18312.5 Cybercrime in the Public Sector 18312.6 Prevention of Cybercrime and Protection from It 18612.6.1 Air Gapping 18612.6.2 Supply Chain Vulnerability 18612.6.3 Impact on Insurance Coverage 18712.7 The Use of AI in Managing Risk 18712.8 Conclusion 18812.9 Notes 189Chapter 13Implementation - Leadership and Management 19113.1 Introduction 19113.2 Leadership 19213.2.1 Transfer of Private Sector Leaders to the Public Sector 19513.3 Leaders or Managers? 19613.4 Managing the Mission 19713.4.1 Creating the Mission 19713.4.2 Prioritization: Where to Start? 19813.4.3 Communicating the Mission Statement 19913.5 Management of Resources 20113.5.1 Technical versus Traditional 20113.5.2 Specialist versus Generalist 20113.5.3 Training and Education 20213.6 Management of Key Stakeholders 20413.6.1 Worker Representation and Trade Unions 20513.6.2 US Policy Recommendations 20713.6.3 German Policy Recommendations 20813.6.4 "Dignity at Work" and Working from Home 20913.7 Conclusion 21113.8 Notes 211Chapter 14Further Implementation Issues 21314.1 Introduction 21314.2 A Theoretical Approach to Change 21314.3 Managing the Problem of Bias 21714.3.1 Data Exclusion from Marginalized Communities 21914.3.2 Locational Data Issues 22014.4 Operational Considerations 22014.4.1 Piloting and Test Running the System 22014.4.2 Measuring Benefit 22114.4.3 Independent Review 22214.5 Outsourcing, Partnering, and Supply Chain Management 22214.6 The Concept of "Nudge" 22614.7 Global Considerations 22814.8 Conclusion 23114.9 Notes 232Chapter 15Conclusion 23315.1 Reflections 23315.2 AI and the Real Pace of Change 23415.3 Measuring ROI - More Art Than Science? 23515.4 AI and Stimulation of Wider Reforms 23615.5 The Role of Government in Public Sector Transformation 23715.6 Moving the Goalposts 23815.7 Notes 239Appendix A: The Seven Principles of Public Life 241Appendix B: Transformation Roadmap for Public Services 243Appendix C: List of Tables 245Appendix D: List of Figures 247Index 249

O autorze

TONY BOOBIER is an independent consultant and former IBM worldwide executive with over 30 years' experience in the fields of financial services, business intelligence, and analytics. He holds professional qualifications in engineering, marketing, supply chain management, and insurance.