AC Electric Motors Control: Advanced Design Techniques and Applications

ISBN-13: 9781118331521 / Angielski / Twarda / 2013 / 584 str.

Giri, Fouad

Opis

The complexity of AC motor control lies in the multivariable and nonlinear nature of AC machine dynamics. Recent advancements in control theory now make it possible to deal with long-standing problems in AC motors control. This text expertly draws on these developments to apply a wide range of model-based control designmethods to a variety of AC motors. Contributions from over thirty top researchers explain how modern control design methods can be used to achieve tight speed regulation, optimal energetic efficiency, and operation reliability and safety, by considering online state variable estimation in the absence of mechanical sensors, power factor correction, machine flux optimization, fault detection and isolation, and fault tolerant control. Describing the complete control approach, both controller and observer designs are demonstrated using advanced nonlinear methods, stability and performance are analysed using powerful techniques, including implementation considerations using digital computing means.
Other key features: - Covers the main types of AC motors including triphase, multiphase, and doubly fed induction motors, wound rotor, permanent magnet, and interior PM synchronous motors - Illustrates the usefulness of the advanced control methods via industrial applications including electric vehicles, high speed trains, steel mills, and more - Includes special focus on sensorless nonlinear observers, adaptive and robust nonlinear controllers, output-feedback controllers, fault detection and isolation algorithms, and fault tolerant controllers
This comprehensive volume provides researchers and designers and R&D engineers with a single-source reference on AC motor system drives in the automotive and transportation industry. It will also appeal to advanced students in automatic control, electrical, power systems, mechanical engineering and robotics, as well as mechatronic, process, and applied control system engineers.

Spis treści

List of Contributors xvii

Preface xxi

1 Introduction to AC Motor Control 1
Marc Bodson and Fouad Giri

1.1 AC Motor Features 1

1.2 Control Issues 3

1.3 Book Overview 8

References 13

Part One Control Models for AC Motors

2 Control Models for Induction Motors 17
Abderrahim El Fadili, Fouad Giri, and Abdelmounime El Magri

2.1 Introduction 17

2.2 Induction Motors A Concise Description 18

2.3 Triphase Induction Motor Modeling 20

2.4 Identification of Induction Motor Parameters 32

2.5 Conclusions 39

References 39

3 Control Models for Synchronous Machines 41
Abdelmounime El Magri, Fouad Giri, and Abderrahim El Fadili

3.1 Introduction 41

3.2 Synchronous Machine Structures 42

3.3 Preliminaries 43

3.4 Dynamic Modeling of Wound–Rotor Synchronous Motors 45

3.5 Permanent–Magnet Synchronous Machine Modeling 50

3.6 Conclusions 55

References 56

Part Two Observer Design Techniques for AC Motors

4 State Observers for Estimation Problems in Induction Motors 59
Gildas Besançon and Alexandru Ticlea

4.1 Introduction 59

4.2 Motor Representation and Estimation Issues 60

4.3 Some Observer Approaches 63

4.4 Some Illustration Results 66

4.5 Conclusions 75

References 76

5 State Observers for Active Disturbance Rejection in Induction Motor Control 78
Hebertt Sira Ramírez, Felipe González Montañez, John Cortés Romero, and Alberto Luviano–Juárez

5.1 Introduction 78

5.2 A Two–Stage ADR Controller Design for the Induction Motor 80

5.3 Field–Oriented ADR Armature Voltage Control 90

References 103

6 Observers Design for Systems with Sampled Measurements, Application to AC Motors 105
Vincent Van Assche Philippe Dorléans Jean–François Massieu and Tarek Ahmed–Ali

6.1 Introduction 105

6.2 Nomenclature 106

6.3 Observer Design 107

6.4 Application to the AC Motor 114

6.5 Conclusions 121

References 121

7 Experimental Evaluation of Observer Design Technique for Synchronous Motor 123
Malek Ghanes and Xuefang Lin Shi

7.1 Introduction 123

7.2 SPMSM Modeling and its Observability 125

7.3 Robust MRAS Observer 125

7.4 Experimental Results 129

7.5 Conclusions 133

References 134

Part Three Control Design Techniques for Induction Motors

8 High–Gain Observers in Robust Feedback Control of Induction Motors 139
Hassan K. Khalil and Elias G. Strangas

8.1 Chapter Overview 139

8.2 Field Orientation 140

8.3 High–Gain Observers 144

8.4 Speed and Acceleration Estimation using High–Gain Observers 146

8.5 Flux Control 149

8.6 Speed Control with Mechanical Sensor 151

8.7 Speed Control without Mechanical Sensor 153

8.8 Simulation and Experimental Results 156

8.9 Conclusions 157

References 157

9 Adaptive Output Feedback Control of Induction Motors 158
Riccardo Marino, Patrizio Tomei, and Cristiano Maria Verrelli

9.1 Introduction 158

9.2 Problem Statement 159

9.3 Nonlinear Estimation and Tracking Control for Sensorless Induction Motors 161

9.4 Nonlinear Estimation and Tracking Control for the Output Feedback Case 175

9.5 Simulation Results 176

9.6 Conclusions 186

References 186

10 Nonlinear Control for Speed Regulation of Induction Motor with Optimal Energetic Efficiency 188
Abderrahim El Fadili, Abdelmounime El Magri, Hamid Ouadi, and Fouad Giri

10.1 Introduction 188

10.2 Induction Motor Modeling with Saturation Effect Inclusion 190

10.3 Controller Design 194

10.4 Simulation 202

10.5 Conclusions 205

References 205

11 Experimental Evaluation of Nonlinear Control Design Techniques for Sensorless Induction Motor 207
Jesùs De León, Alain Glumineau, Dramane Traore, and Robert Boisliveau

11.1 Introduction 207

11.2 Problem Formulation 208

11.3 Robust Integral Backstepping 209

11.4 High–Order Sliding–Mode Control 212

11.5 Adaptive Interconnected Observers Design 215

11.6 Experimental Results 218

11.7 Robust Nonlinear Controllers Comparison 228

11.8 Conclusions 231

References 231

12 Multiphase Induction Motor Control 233
Roberto Zanasi and Giovanni Azzone

12.1 Introduction 233

12.2 Power–Oriented Graphs 234

12.3 Multiphase Induction Motor Complex Dynamic Modeling 236

12.4 Multiphase Indirect Field–Oriented Control with Harmonic Injection 243

12.5 Conclusions 251

References 251

13 Backstepping Controller for DFIM with Bidirectional AC/DC/AC Converter 253
Abderrahim El Fadili, Vincent Van Assche, Abdelmounime El Magri, and Fouad Giri

13.1 Introduction 253

13.2 Modeling AC/DC/AC Converter Doubly–Fed Induction Motor Association 255

13.3 Controller Design 260

13.4 Simulation Results 269

13.5 Conclusions 273

References 273

14 Fault Detection in Induction Motors 275
Alessandro Pilloni, Alessandro Pisano, Martin Riera–Guasp, Ruben Puche–Panadero, and Manuel Pineda–Sanchez

14.1 Introduction 275

14.2 Description and Classification of IMs Faults 276

14.3 Model–Based FDI in IMs 280

14.4 Classical MCSA Based on the Fast Fourier Transform 287

14.5 Hilbert Transform 289

14.6 Discrete Wavelet Transform Approach 292

14.7 Continuous Wavelet Transform Approach 298

14.8 Wigner–Ville Distribution Approach 300

14.9 Instantaneous Frequency Approach 304

References 307

Part Four Control Design Techniques for Synchronous Motors 15 Sensorless Speed Control of PMSM 313
Dhruv Shah, Gerardo Espinosa Pérez, Romeo Ortega, and Michaël Hilairet

15.1 Introduction 313

15.2 PMSM Models and Problem Formulation 314

15.3 Controller Structure and Main Result 316

15.4 Unavailability of a Linearization–Based Design 318

15.5 Full Information Control 319

15.6 Position Observer of Ortega et al. (2011) 322

15.7 An I&I Speed and Load Torque Observer 324

15.8 Proof of the Main Result 328

15.9 Simulation and Experimental Results 332

15.10 Future Research 337

15.A Appendix 339

References 340

16 Adaptive Output–Feedback Control of Permanent–Magnet Synchronous Motors 341
Patrizio Tomei and Cristiano Maria Verrelli

16.1 Introduction 341

16.2 Dynamic Model and Problem Statement 343

16.3 Nonlinear Adaptive Control 344

16.4 Preliminary Result (Tomei and Verrelli 2008) 347

16.5 Main Result (Tomei and Verrelli 2011) 353

16.6 Simulation Results (Bifaretti et al. 2012) 357

16.7 Experimental Setup and Results (Bifaretti et al. 2012) 364

16.8 Conclusions 367

References 368

17 Robust Fault Detection for a Permanent–Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Nonlinear Observer 370
Maria Letizia Corradini, Gianluca Ippoliti, and Giuseppe Orlando

17.1 Introduction 370

17.2 Preliminaries 371

17.3 Control Design 372

17.4 The Faulty Case 375

17.5 Simulation Tests 376

References 380

18 On Digitization of Variable Structure Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors 381

Yong Feng, Xinghuo Yu, and Fengling Han

18.1 Introduction 381

18.2 Control System of PMSM 382

18.3 Dynamic Model of PMSM 383

18.4 PI Control of PMSM Servo System 384

18.5 High–Order Terminal Sliding–Mode Control of PMSM Servo System 385

18.6 Sliding–Mode–Based Mechanical Resonance Suppressing Method 388

18.7 Digitization of TSM Controllers of PMSM Servo System 393

18.8 Conclusions 396

References 396

19 Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines 398
Faz Rahman and Rukmi Dutta

19.1 Introduction 398

19.2 IPM Synchronous Machine Model 401

19.3 Optimum Control Trajectories 408

19.4 Sensorless Direct Torque Control of IPM Synchronous Machines 412

19.5 Sensorless DTC with Closed–Loop Flux Estimation 420

19.6 Sensorless Operation at Very Low Speed with High–Frequency Injection 423

19.7 Conclusions 426

References 427

20 Nonlinear State–Feedback Control of Three–Phase Wound Rotor Synchronous Motors 429
Abdelmounime El Magri, Vincent Van Assche, Abderrahim El Fadili, Fatima–Zahra Chaoui, and Fouad Giri

20.1 Introduction 429

20.2 System Modeling 431

20.3 Nonlinear Adaptive Controller Design 435

20.4 Simulation 446

20.5 Conclusion 450

References 450

Part Five Industrial Applications of AC Motors Control

21 AC Motor Control Applications in Vehicle Traction 455
Faz Rahman and Rukmi Dutta

21.1 Introduction 455

21.2 Machines and Associated Control for Traction Applications 464

21.3 Power Converters for AC Electric Traction Drives 475

21.4 Control Issues for Traction Drives 478

21.5 Conclusions 485

References 486

22 Induction Motor Control Application in High–Speed Train Electric Drive 487
Jaros aw Guzi ski, Zbigniew Krzeminski, Arkadiusz Lewicki, Haitham Abu–Rub, and Marc Diguet

22.1 Introduction 487

22.2 Description of the High–Speed Train Traction System 488

22.3 Estimation Methods 494

22.4 Simulation Investigations 497

22.5 Experimental Test Bench 497

22.6 Experimental Investigations 501

22.7 Diagnosis System Principles 503

22.8 Summary and Perspectives 505

References 506

23 AC Motor Control Applications in High–Power Industrial Drives 509
Ajit K. Chattopadhyay

23.1 Introduction 509

23.2 High–Power Semiconductor Devices 510

23.3 High–Power Converters for AC Drives and Control Methods 515

23.4 Control of Induction Motor Drives 517

23.5 Control of Synchronous Motor Drives 534

23.6 Application Examples of Control of High–Power AC Drives 539

23.7 New Developments and Future Trends 548

23.8 Conclusions 548

References 549

Index 553