A Theory of Objects

ISBN-13: 9780387947754 / Angielski / Twarda / 1996 / 396 str.

Martin Abadi; Luca Cardelli

Opis

By developing object calculi in which objects are treated as primitives, the authors are able to explain both the semantics of objects and their typing rules, and also demonstrate how to develop all of the most important concepts of object-oriented programming languages: self, dynamic dispatch, classes, inheritance, protected and private methods, prototyping, subtyping, covariance and contravariance, and method specialization. An innovative and important approach to the subject for researchers and graduates.

Spis treści

Prologue.- Review: Object-Oriented Features.- 1 Object Orientation.- 1.1 Objects.- 1.2 Reuse.- 1.3 Classifying Features.- 2 Class-Based Languages.- 2.1 Classes and Objects.- 2.2 Method Lookup.- 2.3 Subclasses and Inheritance.- 2.4 Subsumption and Dynamic Dispatch.- 2.5 Type Information, Lost and Found.- 2.6 Covariance, Contravariance, and Invariance.- 2.7 Method Specialization.- 2.8 Self Type Specialization.- 3 Advanced Class-Based Features.- 3.1 Object Types.- 3.2 Distinguishing Subclassing from Subtyping.- 3.3 Type Parameters.- 3.4 Subclassing without Subtyping.- 3.5 Object Protocols.- 4 Object-Based Languages.- 4.1 Objects without Classes.- 4.2 Prototypes and Clones.- 4.3 Inheritance by Embedding and by Delegation.- 4.4 Embedding.- 4.5 Delegation.- 4.6 Embedding versus Delegation.- 4.7 Dynamic Inheritance and Mode-Switching.- 4.8 Traits: From Prototypes back to Classes?.- 4.9 Types for Object-Based Languages.- 5 Modeling Object-Oriented Languages.- 5.1 Reduction to Basic Mechanisms.- 5.2 The Role of Method Update.- 5.3 The Scope of this Book.- I: Untyped and First-Order Calculi.- 6 Untyped Calculi.- 6.1 Object Primitives.- 6.2 The ?-Calculus.- 6.3 Functions as Objects.- 6.4 Fixpoints.- 6.5 Examples.- 6.6 Traits, Classes, and Inheritance.- 6.7 Interpretations of Objects.- 7 First-Order Calculi.- 7.1 Formal Systems.- 7.2 The Object Fragment.- 7.3 Standard First-Order Fragments.- 7.4 Examples.- 7.5 Some Properties of Ob1.- 7.6 First-Order Equational Theories.- 7.7 Functions and Fixpoints.- 8 Subtyping.- 8.1 Subtyping.- 8.2 Examples.- 8.3 Some Properties of Ob1.- 8.4 First-Order Equational Theories with Subtyping.- 8.5 Classes and Inheritance.- 8.6 Objects versus Records.- 8.7 Variance Annotations.- 9 Recursion.- 9.1 Recursion.- 9.2 Recursion and Subsumption.- 9.3 Some Properties of Ob1 Higher-Order Calculi.- 20 A Higher-Order Calculus.- 20.1 Syntax of Ob?