A Separate Authority (He Mana Motuhake), Volume II: The Crown's Betrayal of the Tūhoe Māori Sanctuary in New Zealand, 1915-1926

ISBN-13: 9783030410452 / Angielski / Twarda / 2020 / 452 str.

Steven Webster

Spis treści

Part 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

1. A brief ethnohistorical overview

2. A review of Volume 1 of 'A Separate Authority (He Mana Motuhake)'

3. A base-line in social theory

4. A preview of the following chapters 

5. A eulogy for Judith Binney

Part II: The Tūhoe Sanctuary and the Crown Purchasing Campaign

Chapter 2: The Tamaikoha Descent Group in the Crown Purchasing Campaign  

1. Introduction

2. Research sources

3. An ethnohistorical illustration: the Tamaikoha descent group

4. Deaths and successions in the descent group

5. Pupuri whenua: 'land withholders' in the descent group

6. Conclusion

Chapter 3: The Purchasing Strategy and Tūhoe Resistance

1. The Crown’s purchasing strategy

2. Bowler’s network of purchasing venues and agents

3. Identifying individual shares and publishing lists of non-sellers

4. Successions, trustees, and the Native Trustee

5. Getting on top of successions and certifying Tūhoe competence to sell

6. The relative predicaments of the Crown and Tūhoe

Part III: The Tūhoe Sanctuary and the Urewera Consolidation Scheme

Chapter 4: Proposals for the Urewera Consolidation Scheme and Rising Tūhoe Resistance

1. Introduction

2. Previous reports

3. A preview of the Tauarau procedures

4. The Tūhoe representatives

5. What were the Crown’s proposals?

6. The Crown's evacuation plans

7. Conclusion

Chapter 5: Negotiations at Tauarau and the Urgency of Legislation 

1. Introduction

2. Forming  consolidation groups 

3. The persistence of Tūhoe descent groups

4. Groupbooks and successions

5. The routines of implementation and the UCS minutebooks

6. The urgency of legislation

7. Conclusion 

Part IV: Closing or Breaking Ranks in the Face of Crown Power

Chapter 6: The Crown's Retreat in the Lower Basins

1. Introduction

2. Negotiations in the lower Whakatane - Tauranga/Waimana basins   

3. Probable negotiations in the Tauranga/Waimana River basin  

4. Probable negotiations in the Whakatane River basin 

5. The Crown's relinquishment of Te Poroporo and retreat in Te Tuahu     

6. Mana and the power of the Crown

Chapter 7: The Crown's Covert Tactics: Piecemeal Deductions and Continuing Purchases 

1. Introduction

2. The Crown's deployment of piecemeal deductions

3. The Crown's persistence in continuing purchases

4. Weakening the opposition

5. Conclusion

Chapter 8: The Apitihana Movement Faces the Crown

1. Introduction

2. The misplaced 1912–13 Ruatāhuna partition and onset of Crown purchases

3. The migrant marriage alliance and the Apitihana movement     

4. The April 1922 confrontations in Ruatāhuna

5. The Apitihana is refused access to the lists of sellers

6. The Umuroa case and the vulnerability of kin-based power

7. Conclusion

Chapter 9: The Ōhāua Te Rangi hapū cluster and the Apitihana

1.  Introduction

2. The Ōhāua te Rangi hapū cluster

3. The Ōhāua te Rangi hapū diaspora

4. The Crown finds room for the Apitihana

5. Conclusion

Part V: Conclusion

Chapter 10: conclusion

1. Introduction: theoretical implications 

2. The Crown Purchasing Campaign and the UDNR Sanctuary

3. The Tūhoe Sanctuary and the Urewera Consolidation Scheme

4. Closing or Breaking Ranks in the Face of Crown Power

O autorze

Steven Webster, PhD, is Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, where he taught Social Anthropology and Māori Studies before his retirement. Since the 1980s, he has been closely involved in issues of Māori land, Māori history, ethnic politics, and political economy in New Zealand.

Blurb

"Tūhoe mana motuhake vs the force of New Zealand colonialism. This is a patient and perceptive work unraveling stratagems of contrasting ambition so we may comprehend the cultural instincts of 1890-1920 Aotearoa. Dr. Webster proves his deep understanding of kinship dynamics, hapū politics and the Tūhoe passion for autonomy.”

—Tāmati Kruger, Representative in the Tūhoe Te Uru Taumatua, New Zealand

Following on from Volume I on the formation of the Urewera District Native Reserve, this monograph examines the period from 1908 to 1926, during which time the Crown subverted Tūhoe control of the UDNR, established a mere decade earlier. While Volume I described how the Tūhoe were able to deploy kin-based power to manipulate Crown power as well as confront one another, this volume describes ways in which the same ancestral descent groups closed ranks to survive nearly two decades of predatory Crown policies determined to dismantle their sanctuary. A relentless Crown campaign to purchase individual Tūhoe land shares ultimately resulted in a misleading Crown scheme to consolidate and relocate Tūhoe  land shares, thereby freeing up land for the settlement of non- Tūhoe  farmers. By the 1950s, over 200 small Tūhoe blocks were scattered throughout one of the largest National Parks in New Zealand. Although greatly weakened by these policies in terms of kinship solidarity as well as land and other resources, Tūhoe resistance continued until the return of the entire park in 2014—with unreserved apologies and promises of future support.