A Reader in Moral Philosophy

ISBN-13: 9781554814862 / Angielski / Miękka / 2022

Daniel R. Denicola

Spis treści

Part I: Ethical Theory

Chapter 1: Thinking Philosophically about Morality

• Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, “Moral Epistemology and Scepticism”
• Robert B. Louden, “Why We Need Moral Theories”
• John Rawls, “Reflective Equilibrium and Moral Theory”
• Yong Huang, “‘Why Be Moral?’ The Cheng Brothers’ Neo-Confucian Answer”
• Daniel Phillip Verene, “The Problem of the Ring”
• G.E.M. (Elizabeth) Anscombe, “Who Is Wronged? (A Reply to Philippa Foot)”

Chapter 2: God and Morality

• C. Stephen Evans, “What Is a Divine Command Theory of Obligation?”
• Plato, “Is It Good Because God Loves It, or Does God Love It Because It Is Good?”
• Linda Trinkhaus Zagzebski, “Divine Commands and Divine Motives”
• Immanuel Kant, “The Existence of God as a Postulate of Pure Practical Reason”

Chapter 3: Cultural Relativism and Moral Pluralism

• Maria Baghramian, “Moral Relativism”
• David Wong, “Pluralistic Relativism”
• Susan Moller Okin, “Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?”

Chapter 4: Human Nature and Morality

• Mencius (Mengzi), “The Seeds of Goodness in Human Nature”
• Philippa Foot, Natural Goodness
• Martha C. Nussbaum, “The Moral Import of Human Capabilities”

Chapter 5: Egoism and Pleasure

• Ayn Rand, “The Celebration of ‘I.’”
• Joseph Butler, “Two Sermons on Human Nature”
• Robert Nozick, “The Experience Machine”
• Lynne A. Stout, “Egoism and Altruism”

Chapter 6: Utilitarianism and the Greater Good

• Jeremy Bentham, “Principles of Morals and Legislation”
• John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism
• Bernard Williams, “Against Utilitarianism”
• Oliver Letwin, “On Mill’s ‘Higher’ and ‘Lower’ Activities”

Chapter 7: Kantianism

• Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
• Barbara Herman, “On the Value of Acting from the Motive of Duty”
• Christine M. Korsgaard, “Kant’s Formula of Universal Law”
• Michael Stocker, “The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories”

Chapter 8: Morality as Contract

• Thomas Hobbes, “The Social Contract”
• John Locke, “Consent and the Social Contract”
• John Rawls, A Theory of Justice
• David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement
• Heidi M. Hurd, “The Moral Magic of Consent”

Chapter 9: Virtue Ethics and Good Character

• Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
• Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue
• Rosalind Hursthouse, “Normative Virtue Ethics”
• Mark Alfano, Character as Moral Fiction
• David Foster Wallace, “The Devil Is a Busy Man”

Chapter 10: Moral Sentiment Theory

• David Hume, “Passions, Sentiments, and Morality”
• Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments
• Martha C. Nussbaum, “Disgust and Moral Judgments”
• Michael Slote, “Moral Sentimentalism”

Chapter 11: Care Ethics and Feminist Ethics

• Nel Noddings, “Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics”
• Virginia Held, “The Meshing of Care and Justice”
• Marilyn Friedman and Angela Bolte, “Ethics and Feminism”
• Claudia Card, “Women’s Voices and Ethical Ideals”

Chapter 12: Particularism and Intuitionism

• Kwame Anthony Appiah, “The Quandary Quandary”
• Andreas Lind and Johan Brännmark / John Dancy, “Particularism: An Interview with Jonathan Dancy”
• Harriet McBryde Johnson, “Unspeakable Conversations”
• Margaret Urban Walker, “Moral Particularity”
• Jonathan Haidt, “The Intuitive Dog and the Rational Tail”

Chapter 13: Metaethics

• A.J. Ayer, “Positivism and the Non-Cognitivist View”
• G.E. Moore, “The Irreducibility of Good”
• David O. Brink, “Externalist Moral Realism”
• Francis Snare, “The Empirical Bases of Moral Scepticism”
• Mary Midgley, Can’t We Make Moral Judgements?

Chapter 14: The Limits of Morality and Moral Theory

• Shelly Kagan, “Ordinary and Extraordinary Morality”
• Susan Wolf, “Moral Saints”
• Todd May, “A Decent Life”
• Daniel R. DeNicola, “Supererogation: Artistry in Conduct”
• Raimond Gaita, “Goodness beyond Virtue”

Part II: Ethics in Practice

Chapter 15: Abortion

• Don Marquis, “An Argument That Abortion Is Wrong”
• Judith Jarvis Thompson, “A Defense of Abortion”
• Rosalind Hursthouse, “A Virtue Theory of Abortion”

Chapter 16: Animals, Humans, and Moral Standing

• Mary Midgley, “Getting Animals in Focus”
• Peter Singer, “All Animals Are Equal”
• Carl Cohen, “The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research”
• Andrew Brennan, “Speciesism and Humanism”

Chapter 17: Ethics and the Environment

• Paul W. Taylor, “The Ethics of Respect for Nature”
• Onora O’Neill, “Environmental Values, Anthropocentrism and Speciesism”
• John Broome, “The Ethics of Climate Change”

Chapter 18: Lying

• Immanuel Kant, “On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives”
• Christine Korsgaard, “The Right to Lie: Kant on Dealing with Evil”
• David Nyberg, “Deception and Moral Decency”
• Alison MacKenzie and Ibrar Bhatt, “Opposing the Power of Lies, Bullshit, and Fake News: The Value of Truth”

Chapter 19: Freedom of Expression and Offense

• John Stuart Mill, “Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion”
• Jeremy Waldron, “The Harm in Hate Speech”
• Greg Lukianoff & Jonathan Haidt, “The Coddling of the American Mind”
• Cheshire Calhoun, “The Virtue of Civility”

Chapter 20: Immigration

• Christopher Heath Wellman, “Immigration and Freedom of Association”
• Antoine Pécoud and Paul de Guchteneire “Is Immigration a Right?”
• Seyla Benhabib, “The Morality of Migration”
• Matthias Risse, “On the Morality of Immigration”
• Javier Hidalgo, “Resistance to Unjust Immigration Restrictions”