A New Era for Microbial Corrosion Mitigation Using Nanotechnology: Biocorrosion and Nanotechnology

ISBN-13: 9783030495312 / Angielski / Twarda / 2020 / 201 str.

Basma A. Omran; Mohamed Omar Abdel-Salam

Spis treści

Chapter 1 - Basic Corrosion Fundamentals, Aspects and Currently Applied Strategies in Corrosion Mitigation

Abstract

1.1  Introduction

1.2  Corrosion: Problem Definition    

1.3  Developments in Corrosion Science

1.4 Impact of Corrosion on Economy and Life                                                                     

1.5 Forms of Corrosion          

1.5.1 Sweet Corrosion or CO₂ Corrosion

1.5.2 Sour Corrosion

1.5.3 Uniform or General Corrosion

1.5.4 Localized corrosion

1.5.5 Pitting corrosion

1.5.6 Crevice Corrosion

1.5.7 Galvanic Corrosion

1.5.8 Erosion Corrosion

1.5.9 Oxygen Corrosion

1.5.10 Selective Leaching or Dealloying

1.5.11 Microbial Corrosion

1.6 Engineering Materials

1.6.1 Carbon steel

1.6.2 Mild steel

1.6.3 Ferrous and Steel Alloys

1.6.4 Non-Ferrous Metals

1.6.4.1 Aluminum

1.6.4.2 Copper

1.6.4.3 Lead, Nickel and their Alloys

1.7 Corrosion tests

1.7.1 Metal sample preparation

1.7.2 Corrosion Test Medium

1.7.3 Gravimetric and Electrochemical Measurements

1.8 Corrosion Mitigation Strategies

1.8.1 Paints and Coatings

1.8.2 Corrosion Inhibitors

1.8.2.1 Mechanism of Action

(a)   Barrier Inhibitors

(b)   Neutralizing Inhibitors

(c) Scavenging Inhibitors

1.8.2.2 Forms of Corrosion Inhibitors

(a) Surfactants as corrosion inhibitors

(b) Plant Biomaterials as Green Corrosion Inhibitors (Eco-friendly Corrosion Inhibitors)

(c) Amino Acids

1.8.3 Cathodic Protection

1.8.4 Use of Corrosion Resistant Alloys

1.9 Conclusions

References

Chapter 2 - The Catastrophic Battle of Biofouling in Oil and Gas Facilities: Impacts, History, Involved Microorganisms, Biocides and Polymers Coatings to Combat Biofouling

Abstract

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Definition and Impacts of Biofouling

2.2.1 Medical Sector

2.2.2 Marine Sector

2.2.3 Industrial Sector

2.3 Microbial Biofouling

2.3.1 History of Research on Microbial Corrosion

2.3.2 Mechanism and Microorganisms Involved in Biotic/Aerobic Microbial Corrosion

2.3.2.1 Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB)

2.3.2.2 Manganese and Iron Oxidizing Bacteria (MOB and IOB)

2.3.2.3 Slime Forming Bacteria

2.3.2.4 Acid-Producing Bacteria (APB)

2.3.2.5 Fungi

2.3.2.6 Archaea

2.4.3 Mechanism and Microorganisms Involved in Abiotic/Anaerobic Microbial Corrosion

2.4.3.1 Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB)

3.4.3.2 Nitrate Reducing Bacteria (NRB)

2.5 Macrobial Biofouling

2.6 Factors Affecting Biofouling Process

2.7 Metals Susceptible to Biofouling

2.7.1 Copper and its Alloys

2.7.2 Carbon Steel

2.7.3 Stainless Steel

2.7.4 Aluminium-based and Nickel-based Alloys

2.7.5 Titanium-based Alloys

2.8 Analytical Techniques and Tools Used for the Assessment of Microbial Corrosion

2.8.1 Microbiological Assays

2.8.2 Electrochemical Assays

2.8.3 Surface Analysis Assays

2.8.4 Molecular Microbiological Assays

2.8.5 Other Spectroscopic Assays

2.9 Use of Biocides to Combat Biofouling

2.9.1 Oxidizing biocides

2.9.1.1 Hypochlorite (ClO⁻)

2.9.1.2 Peracetic Acid (PAA)

2.9.1.3 Chlorine Dioxide (ClO₂)

2.9.2 Non-oxidizing biocides

2.9.2.1 Glutaraldehyde

2.9.2.2 Tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS)

2.9.2.3 2, 2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)

2.9.2.4 Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats)

2.10 Recent Research Towards Green Biocides

2.10.1 Extracts of Plant Biomaterials as Biocides

2.10.2 Micro- and Macro- Algae and Seaweeds

2.10.2.1 Green Macroalgae (Chlorophyta)

2.10.2.2 Brown Macroalgae (Phaeophyta)

2.10.2.3 Red Macroalgae (Rhodophyta)

2.10.3 Inhibition of Quorum Sensing to Combat Biofouling

2.10.4 Biofouling Inhibition by Microorganisms

2.10.4.1 Microbial Corrosion Inhibition by Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria (NRB)

2.10.4.2 Microbial Corrosion Inhibition by Bacteriophage

2.10.4.3 Other Reported Studies

2.11 Use of Polymers Coatings to Combat Biocorrosion

2.12 Conclusions

References

Chapter 3 - Emphasis on the Devastating Impacts of Microbial Biofilms in Oil and Gas Facilities

Abstract

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Biofilm Definition and Composition

3.3 Developmental Stages of Biofilms

3.4 Estimated Economical Costs Due to Biofilm Formation in Oil and Gas Industries

3.5 Techniques Employed for Biofilm Characterization

3.5.1 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)

3.5.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

3.5.3 Cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM)

3.5.4 Scanning Transmission X-Ray, Atomic Force, Soft X-Ray and Digital Time-Lapse Microscopy

3.5.5 Fourier Transform Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Raman Spectroscopy

3.6 Characterization of EPS

3.7 Multiple Roles of Biofilms in Microbial Corrosion

3.8 Prevention of Biofilm Formation

3.8.1 Incorporation of Antimicrobial Nanomaterials

3.8.2 Polymer coatings

3.8.3 Naturally Occurring Antibacterial Surfaces and their Biomimetic Counterparts

3.8.4 Anti-adhesive Surfaces

3.8.4.1 Surface Free Energy

3.8.4.2 Super hydrophobic Surfaces

3.8.4.3 Electrostatic charge

3.8.4.4 Roughness

3.9 Conclusions

References

Chapter 4 - Corrosion and Biofouling Mitigation Using Nanotechnology

Abstract

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Metal Nanoparticles

4.2.1 Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles (ZVI) NPs

4.2.2 Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)

4.2.3 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)

4.2.4 Cobalt Nanoparticles (CoNPs)

4.2.5 Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs)

4.3 Carbon Based Nanomaterials (NMs)

4.3.1 Fullerenes

4.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)

4.4 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

4.4.1 Cobalt Oxide NPs

4.4.2 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IO) NPs

4.4.3 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)

4.4.4 Titanium Oxide NPs (TiO₂ NPs)

4.4.5 Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CeO₂) NPs

4.5 Nanoparticle Synthesis Approaches

4.5.1 Top-Down Approach

4.5.2 Bottom-Up Approach

4.6 Applications of Nanotechnology Science in Gas and Oil Industries

4.6.1 Application of Nanotechnology in Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing of Fluids

4.6.2 Formulation of Nano-Emulsions for Cement Spacers via Nanotechnology

4.6.3 Application of Nanotechnology in Operations’ Logging

4.6.4 Control of Formation Fines during Production via Nanotechnology

4.6.5 Hydrocarbon Detection Using Nanotechnology

4.6.6 Enhanced oil recovery applications

4.6.7 Application of Nanotechnology in Corrosion and Biofouling Inhibition

4.7 Conclusions and Challenges facing Nanotechnology in The Oil and Gas Industries

References

Chapter 5 - Biologically Fabricated Nanomaterials for Mitigation of Biofouling in Oil and Gas Industries

Abstract

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Definition of Nanobiotechnology

5.3 Biological Entities Employed for Generation of NPs

5.3.1 Use of Microorganisms for Production of Nanomaterials

5.3.1.1 Biological Synthesis of NPs Using Bacteria (Prokaryotic Micro-Machine)

5.3.1.2 Biological Synthesis of NPs Using Actinomycetes (Prokaryotic Micro-Machine)

5.3.1.3 Biological Synthesis of NPs Using Fungi (Eukaryotic Micro-Machine)

5.3.1.4 Biological Synthesis of NPs Using Yeast (Eukaryotic Micro-Machine)

5.3.1.5 Biological Synthesis of NPs Using Viruses

5.3.2 Biological Synthesis of NPs Using Algae

5.3.3 Use of Plant Extracts for Nanoparticle Synthesis (Phytonanotechnology)

5.3.4 Use of Agro-Industrial Wastes for Nanoparticle Synthesis

5.4 Critical Parameters Affecting the Biological Synthesis of NPs

5.5 Employment of Biologically Synthesized Nanoparticles as Biocides and Corrosion Inhibitors

5.6 Conclusions

References

O autorze

Dr. Basma Ahmed Ali Omran is a researcher in Microbiology,Petroleum Biotechnology Laboratory, Processes Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt. Master and PhD of Dr. Omran mainly focused upon the problem of microbial corrosion and treatment with novel green natural extracts and biologically fabricated nanomaterials. Dr. Omran research interest is in nanobiotechnology, biocorrosion, green chemistry and valorization of agro-industrial wastes. Dr. Omran is a reviewer in two international journals. She has one published book chapter and five chapters in press, seven research papers and two articles in press. One book is going through the production process. Dr. Omran has participated in six international workshops and twelve international conferences. She was a member of a project for bioethanol production from agricultural wastes.

Dr. Mohamed Omar Abdel-Salam is a researcher in Materials Science and Environmental Chemical Engineering, Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt. Dr. Abdelsalam is a member of the Nanotechnology Research Center in EPRI. Master and PhD of Dr. Abdel-Salam majorly focused on waste water treatment using different nanomaterials and functional nanocompoites. Dr. Abdel-Salam research interest is the synthesis of functional nanomaterials for diverse applications like energy storage and conversion, waste water treatment and pollutant separation using nanocomposite nanomaterials. Dr. Abdelsalam has five published research papers, one article and one book chapter in press.

Blurb

This book focuses on corrosion and microbial corrosion, providing solutions for these problems by using nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. It introduces the causes, consequences, cost and control of corrosion processes. It gives a particular emphasis on microbial corrosion of steel and other metals in oil, gas and shipping industries. The book presents the materials vulnerable to such kind of corrosion, and focus on the use of nanotechnology to control such, using nanomaterials as corrosion inhibitors.