A Global History of Architecture

ISBN-13: 9781118981337 / Angielski / Twarda / 2017 / 864 str.

Francis D. K. Ching; Mark M. Jarzombek; Vikramaditya Prakash

Opis

The gold-standard exploration of architecture's global evolution A Global History of Architecture provides a comprehensive tour through the ages, spinning the globe to present the landmark architectural movements that characterized each time period. Spanning from 3,500 b.c.e. to the present, this unique guide is written by an architectural all-star team who emphasize connections, contrasts and influences, reminding us that history is not linear and that everything was 'modern architecture' in its day. This new third edition has been updated with new drawings from Professor Ching, including maps with more information and color, expanded discussion on contemporary architecture, and in-depth chapter introductions that set the stage for global views. The all-new online enhanced companion site brings history to life, providing a clearer framework through which to interpret and understand architecture through the ages. Unique in its non-Eurocentrism, this book provides a fresh survey of architectural history with a truly global perspective, fulfilling the National Architectural Accrediting Board's requirements for 'non-Western' architecture in history education.

• Track the history of architecture through a comparative timeline that spans the globe
• Learn how disparate design styles evolved side-by-side, and which elements migrated where
• Delve into non-Western architecture with expert insight and an historical perspective
• Explore further with an online Interactive Resource Center featuring digital learning tools

Escalating globalization has expanded our perspective of both history and architecture beyond Europe and the U.S. Today's architects are looking far beyond the traditional boundaries, and history shows us that structures' evolution from shelter to art mirrors the hopes and fears of society along the way. A Global History of Architecture takes you inside history itself to witness the the growth and movements that built our world.

The gold–standard exploration of architecture′s global evolution A Global History of Architecture provides a comprehensive tour through the ages, spinning the globe to present the landmark architectural movements that characterized each time period. Spanning from 3,500 b.c.e.

Spis treści

Preface xi

3500 bce 1

Ritual Centers 6

Beginnings of China s Civilizations 8

Niuheliang Ritual Center 8

Mehrgarh and Early Indus Settlements 11

The Village Networks of Mesopotamia

and the Balkans 12

Catal Hüyük 12

Tell es–Sawwan 14

Eridu and Uruk 15

Pre– and Early Dynastic Egypt 19

European Developments 21

Newgrange 22

Carnac 24

2500 bce 25

The Indus Ghaggar–Hakra Civilization 30

Mohenjo–Daro 31

Margiana 33

Early Empires of Mesopotamia 34

Ziggurat at Ur 36

Egypt: The Old Kingdom 38

Pyramids at Giza 41

Valley Temple of Khafre 44

Architecture and Food 45

Stonehenge 46

Megalithic Temples of Malta 48

The First Civilizations of South America 50

Caral 51

1500 bce 53

The Minoans and Knossos 60

Egypt: The New Kingdom 64

Waset (Thebes) 64

Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut 70

Temple of Luxor 71

Abu Simbel 72

Egyptian Columns 73

Egyptian Design Methods 74

Hittite Empire 75

Hattusas 76

Mycenaean Civilization 77

Treasury of Atreus 79

Poverty Point 80

Shang Dynasty, China 81

Civilization of the High Andes 84

800 bce 87

The Olmecs 90

San Lorenzo and La Venta 92

Chavín de Huántar 94

The Iron Age 96

The Etruscans 97

Etruscan Religion 98

Etruscan Temples 100

Greece: The Geometric Period 101

Emergence of the Greek Temple Form 103

Temple of Poseidon 104

Kingdom of Kush 105

Saba/Sa abia 106

Temple of Solomon 107

Zhou Dynasty, China 108

The Ritual Complex 109

The Aryan Invasion and Varanasi 111

Neo–Assyrian Empire 113

Babylon 115

400 bce 117

The Achaemenid Empire 120

Pasargadae and Persepolis 121

Greece and the Mediterranean 124

The Greek Temple 124

Athens 129

The Parthenon 131

Erechtheum 134

Ionic Order 136

Telesterion at Eleusis 138

Delphi 139

Temple of Apollo at Delphi 140

The Hellenistic Age 141

Delos 142

Priene 142

Pergamon 144

Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos 145

Temple of Apollo at Didyma 146

Ptolemies 147

Temple of Horus 147

Mauryan Dynasty and Early Buddhism 148

Barabar Hills Caves 149

China: The Warring States Period 150

Xianyang Palace 151

Tomb of Zeng Hou Yi 152

The Founding of Rome 158

Temple of Fortuna at Praeneste 160

The Roman Urban Villa 162

Republican Tombs 163

Bibracte 164

Augustan Rome 166

Forum of Augustus 167

Tholoi Tombs 168

Vitruvius 169

Corinthian Capitals 169

Post–Augustan Rome 170

Palace of Domitian 172

The Colosseum 174

The Imperial Forums 175

Rock–Cut Tombs 177

Petra 178

Northern Palace at Masada 180

Taxila: The Gandharan Cosmopolis 181

Qin Dynasty, China 182

Tomb of the First Emperor 183

Great Wall of China 184

Development of Mahayana Buddhism 185

Sanchi Complex 185

Abhayagiri Vihara 188

Junnar Caves 189

The Maya 191

Shaft Tombs of Teuchitlán 191

Nakbe 194

El Mirador 195

200 ce 197

Roman Empire 202

Ephesus 204

Miletus 205

The Roman Theater 206

The Pantheon 207

Hadrian s Villa 210

Roman Vertical Surface 212

Roman Baths 214

Diocletian s Palace 216

Baalbek 218

The Parthian Empire 220

Aksum 220

Amaravati Stupa 222

Caitya Hall at Karli 223

Anuradhapura 224

Han Dynasty China 225

Mingtang–Biyong Ritual Complex 226

Teotihuacán 228

Temple of the Feathered Serpent 230

Moche and Nazca Civilizations 231

Nazca Lines 233

North Amazon Societies 234

Ohio s Hopewell Mounds 235

400 ce 237

Ajanta Caves 244

Establishment of Chinese and

Central Asian Buddhism 247

Mogao Caves 248

Yungang Caves 249

Kushans of Bamiyan 250

The Sassanian Empire 251

Zoroastrian Fire Temples 252

Hindu Renaissance 254

Mahabodhi Temple 256

Sigiriya 257

The Pyu, Mon, and Funan 258

Emergence of Christianity 259

Martyria 261

St. Peter s in Rome 261

First Baptisteries 263

Post–Constantinian Age 264

Tomb of Theodoric the Great 265

Kofun Period: Japan 266

Zapotecs of Oaxaca 268

Monte Albán 269

600 ce 271

Age of Justinian 278

Hagia Sophia 280

Byzantine Capitals 283

Armenian Architecture 284

St. Hripsime 285

Zvartnots Cathedral 286

Vishnu Deogarh and Elephanta 286

The Five Rathas 289

Shore Temple at Mamallapuram 290

Southeast Asia 291

My Son 292

Sui and T ang Dynasties 293

Daxing (Chang an) 293

Daming Palace 294

Songyue Temple Ta 296

Nara Period: Japan 297

Ise Jingu 297

Horyu–ji 301

800 ce 303

Rise of Islam 312

Umayyad Mosque 313

Baghdad 314

Great Mosque of Samarra 314

Great Mosque of Córdoba 316

Dome of the Rock 318

Mahaviharas at Nalanda 319

Rajasimhesvara and Virupaksha Temples 320

Kailasnath at Ellora 322

Samye, Tibet 324

Indonesia at a Crossroads 325

Borobudur 326

Hindu Kingdoms of Cambodia 328

Hariharalaya 329

Mahendraparvata (Mt. Meru) 329

Siem Reap (Ganges River) 329

Indratataka (Sea of Indra) 329

Bakong 330

Korean Buddhism 331

Foguang Monastery 332

Europe and the Carolingians 334

Plan of St. Gall 334

St. Riquier 336

Palatine Chapel 336

Tikal 338

Mayan City–States 341

Copán 342

Tiwanaku 344

Quirigua 346

Guayabo 346

1000 ce 347

Mayan Uxmal 356

Cahokia 358

Serpent Mound 359

Pueblo Bonito 360

Seljuk Turks 362

Sultan Han 363

Great Mosque of Isfahan 364

First Madrasas 366

Muqarnas 367

The Fatimids 368

Rise of the Rajput Kingdoms 370

Rani–ni–Vav at Patan 370

Sun Temple at Modhera 372

Chandellas 374

Khandariya Mahadeva Temple 375

Tantrism 376

Vastu–Shastras 377

Orissa and Lingaraja Temple 378

Jains 380

Jain Temples at Mt. Abu 381

Cholamandalam 382

Dakshinameru (Rajarajeshwara Temple) 382

Polonnaruwa 384

Song Dynasty China 386

Sage Mother Hall 387

The Iron Pagoda 388

Liao Dynasty 388

Mu–ta 388

Dulesi Monastery 389

Pure Land Buddhism 391

Byzantine Revival 392

Kievan Russia 393

Armenia 394

Sanahin Complex 395

Ottonian Germany 396

Speyer Cathedral 398

The Normans 399

Durham Cathedral 399

Canterbury Cathedral 401

Cefalù Cathedral 402

Pilgrimage Churches 403

Tuscany 404

Cathedral of Pisa 405

Baptistery of Parma 406

1200 ce 407

Vrah Vishnulok (Angkor Wat) 416

Angkor Thom and Preah Khan 418

Kingdom of Pagan 420

Sanju–sangen–do 422

Itsukushima Shrine 423

Southern Song Dynasty 424

Yingzhao Fashi 425

Mongol Empire 426

Yuan Dynasty China 426

Delhi 428

Tughlaqabad 429

Quwwat–ul–Islam 429

Africa 431

Mamluk Sultanate 432

Lalibela 434

Great Zimbabwe 436

Mosques of Mali 437

Fontenay Abbey 438

Medieval Scandinavia 440

Europe: The High Middle Ages 441

Cathedral Design 442

Amiens and Bourges Cathedrals 443

Notre–Dame of Reims 444

Exeter Cathedral 445

Italian Town Halls 446

Siena 446

Mendicant Orders 448

Nasrid Sultanate and the Alhambra 449

Toltec Empire 452

Chichén Itzá 452

1400 ce 455

The Americas 460

Hopis 460

New England Societies 462

Tenochtitlán 463

Incas 465

Machu Picchu 467

Republic of Venice 469

Ottoman Empire 470

Beyazit Medical Complex 471

Topkapi Palace 472

Italian Renaissance 474

Cathedral of Florence 475

Florentine Loggias 476

San Lorenzo 476

Medici Palace 478

Rucellai Palace 479

Sant Andrea at Mantua 480

Villa Medici 481

Tempietto of San Pietro 482

French Châteaux 482

Mamluk Sultanate 484

Mausoleum Complex of Sultan Qaitbay 485

Timurid Dynasty 486

Deccan Sultanates 488

Pandua 488

Jami Masjid of Ahmedabad 489

Friday Mosque of Gulbarga 490

Ming Dynasty China 491

Forbidden City 491

Mt. Wudang 494

Temple of Heaven 494

Dabao–en Temple, or the Porcelain

Tower of Nanjing 495

Joseon Dynasty 496

Muromachi Japan 497

Kinkakuji 498

Ginkakuji 499

Ayutthaya 500

1600 ce 501

Architecture of the Eurasian Power Bloc 501

Tokugawa Shogunate 504

Nikko Toshogu 505

Nijo–jo 506

Katsura Rikyu (Katsura Imperial Villa) 508

Ming Tombs 512

Potala Palace 516

Voyages of Zheng He 519

Mughals 520

Humayun s Tomb 520

Fatehpur Sikri 521

Buland Darwaza 522

Diwan–i–Khas 523

Rauza–I–Munavvara (Taj Mahal) 524

Vijaynagara 527

Bijapur 529

Isfahan 530

Suleymaniye Complex 533

Kremlin s New Churches 535

Church of the Ascension 536

Dogon of Mali 537

Palladio 539

Villa Rotonda 540

Baroque Italy 542

Campidoglio 542

St. Peter s Basilica 545

Sant Andrea al Quirinale 550

Il Gesù 550

Spanish Invasion of America 552

Atrios 553

Colonial Forts 554

Amsterdam 556

Amsterdam Town Hall 557

Place Royale 558

Elizabethan England 559

Banqueting House 561

Church of Santo Domingo 561

Ryoanji 562

1700 ce 563

Colonialism 568

Haciendas 571

New European Colonial Urban

Culture 572

The Louvre and the Hôtel 573

Château de Versailles 576

St. Petersburg 578

Rationalization and the Age of Reason 580

Observatoire de Paris 580

Hôtel des Invalides 581

Johann Balthasar Neumann and the

New Neresheim 582

China and the European Enlightenment 584

The Gongyuan and the Jinshi 584

Stowe Gardens and The Temple of

British Worthies 585

Sans Souci 586

Qing Beijing 588

Beihai 590

Yuanmingyuan 590

Joseon Dynasty of Korea 591

Mallas of Nepal 592

Kyoto s Odoi and Shimabara 593

Edo (Tokyo) 594

Nayaks of Madurai 596

Jaipur 597

Nurosmaniye Mosque, Istanbul 598

The Anglican Church 599

St. Mary Woolnoth 601

Whigs and the Palladian Revival 602

Touro Synagogue, Newport 603

Shirley Plantation, Virginia 604

1800 ce 605

Tash–Khovli 610

Jaipur and the End of the Mughal Empire 611

Darbar Sahib 613

Wat Pra Kaew 614

Neoclassicim vs. Romanticism 616

Laugier, Rousseau, and the Noble Savage 619

St. Geneviève 620

Ledoux and Boullée 621

Napoleonic Cemeteries 624

Jean–Nicolas–Louis Durand 625

Jeffersonian Neoclassicism 626

Monticello 626

Washington, DC 627

Nationalism 629

Altes Museum 630

Colonial Calcutta:The Esplanade 632

Writers Building 632

St. John s Church 633

Government House 634

Greek Revival 634

Tennessee State Capitol 635

Metcalfe Hall 636

Industrial Revolution 637

Albert Dock 638

Panoptic Prisons 639

Workhouses 640

Shakers 641

August Welby Pugin and the English

Parliament Building 642

Eugène–Emmanuel Viollet–Le–Duc 644

Architectural Preservation 645

Bibliothèque Ste.–Geneviève 646

Kanamaru–za 648

Qianlong s Universal Vision 650

Chengde 651

Qingyi Garden 653

Synagogues 654

1900 ce 657

Public Sector Architecture 662

London Law Courts 664

Railroad Stations 665

The Athenaeum 666

National Museums 667

World s Fairs 668

Global Arts and Crafts Movement 669

Arts and Crafts in India: Indo–Saracenic Style 670

Arts and Crafts in California 673

Central Park 674

Paris and Haussmann 675

The Passage 677

École des Beaux–Arts 678

Chettinad Mansions 680

Colonial Modernism 681

Henry Hobson Richardson 682

The Global Bungalow 684

Shingle Style 684

Campus Architecture in the United States 686

Art Nouveau s Maison Tassel 687

Rise of Professionalism 688

International City Beautiful Plans 688

Walter Burley Griffin 690

The Garden City Movement 691

International Beaux–Arts 692

Skyscrapers 693

Wrigley Building 694

Casa Batlló 695

Frank Lloyd Wright 697

Taliesin 698

African Land Grab 699

Kyoto National Museum 700

Myongdong Cathedral 700

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking

Corporation Building 700

Concrete 701

Adolf Loos 703

The Factory Aesthetic 704

Deutsche Werkbund 705

German Concrete 706

Expressionism 707

New Delhi 710

Mombasa 711

Asplund and Lewerentz 712

Frank Lloyd Wright and the Mayan

Revival Style 713

Dutch Kampung 714

De Stijl Movement 715

Friedrichstrasse Office Building 716

Russian Constructivism 717

Tatlin s Tower 718

Soviet Pavilion 719

The Bauhaus 720

Le Corbusier and Vers une Architecture 722

Villa Savoye 722

Lovell House 724

1950 ce 725

Modernism 726

Weissenhof Siedlung 730

Usonian Houses 732

Congrès Internationaux d Architecture

Moderne 733

Pavilion Suisse 734

Barcelona Pavilion 735

Palace of the Soviets Competition 737

Rockefeller Center 738

Czechoslovakia 739

Touba 740

National Modernism, Ankara 741

National Modernism, Tel Aviv 741

Japanese Pavilion 742

Villa Mairea 742

Fallingwater 744

Brazilian Modernism 745

Fascist Modernism, Italy 747

Säynätsalo Town Hall 749

Illinois Institute of Technology Library

Building 750

Farnsworth House 751

Eames House 752

Yale University Art Gallery 753

National Modernism, Brasília 754

National Modernism, Chandigarh 756

Chapel At Ronchamp 759

Guggenheim Museum 760

Ekistics 761

Sydney Opera House 762

Eero Saarinen 763

Steel and Glass Skyscraper 764

Latin–American Modernism 766

National Modernism, Cuba 768

Salk Institute 769

National Modernism, Bangladesh 770

Metabolism 771

Brutalism 772

Archigram 773

Buckminster Fuller 774

Counterculture Architecture 776

National Modernism, Nigeria 777

South Asian Modernism 778

Postmodernism 780

Magney House 786

Globalization Today 787

Glossary 801

Bibliography 811

Illustration Credits 821

Index 825

 

O autorze

FRANCIS D.K. CHING is Professor Emeritus of Architecture at the University of Washington. He is the author of numerous architecture and design books, including Architectural Graphics; Architecture: Form, Space, and Order; A Visual Dictionary of Architecture; Interior Design Illustrated; and Building Construction Illustrated, all from Wiley.

MARK JARZOMBEK is Professor of the History and Theory of Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as author of several books.

VIKRAMADITYA PRAKASH is Professor of Architecture at the University of Washington and the author of several books and academic publications.

Blurb

NOW FEATURING ADDITIONAL COVERAGE OF CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE AND MORE SUPERB DRAWINGS BY FRANCIS D.K. CHING!

The book that forever changed the way architectural history is viewed, taught, and studied, A Global History of Architecture examines 5,000 years of the built environment.

Spanning from 3,500 BCE to the present, and organized along a global timeline, this unique guide was written by experts in their fields who emphasize the connections, contrasts, and influences of architectural movements throughout history and around the world.

Fully updated and revised to reflect current scholarship, this Third Edition features expanded chapter introductions that set the stage for a global view, as well as:

• An expanded section on contemporary global architecture
• More coverage of non–Western cultures, particularly South Asia, South East Asia Pre–Columbian America, and Africa.
• New drawings and maps by the iconic Francis D.K. Ching, as well as more stunning photographs
• An updated companion website with digital learning tools and Google Earth^TM mapping service coordinates that make it easier to find sites

Art and architecture enthusiasts, and anyone interested in architectural history, will have 5,000 years of the built environment perpetually at their fingertips with A Global History of Architecture, Third Edition.