Plant-Soil Interactions at Low PH: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low Ph, 24-29 June 1990, Beckley We

ISBN-13: 9789401055208 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 1106 str.

Robert J. Wright;V. C. Baligar;R. Paul Murrmann

Opis

Soil acidity is a major limitation to crop production in many parts of the world. Plant growth inhibition results from a combination of factors, including aluminum, manganese, and hydrogen ion toxicities and deficiencies of essential elements, particularly calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and molybdenum. Agricultural management practices and acid precipitation have increased acid inputs into the ecosystem and heightened concern about soil acidity problems. While application of lime has proved to be effective in ameliorating surface soil acidity in many areas, significant soil acidity problems still exist. Scientists from Alberta, Canada, recognized the need to provide a forum for researchers from different disciplines to exchange information and ideas on solving problems of plant growth in acid soils. As a result of their efforts, the First International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH was held at Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada, in July 1987. In many acid soil areas, liming materials are not readily available, the cost may be prohibitive, or subsoil acidity cannot be corrected by surface application of lime. New management approaches involving both the plant and the soil are needed in these situations. Progress has been made in the selection and breeding of acid-tolerant plants. However, continued progress will be limited by our lack of understanding of the physiological and biochemical basis of differential acidity tolerance among plants.

Recenzje

' The proceedings are highly recommended for libraries to purchase they are a valuable source of references for those interested in problems of crops and natural vegetation on acid soils. ' Plant breeding 108 1992
' The well edited book is a valuable text for everyone dealing with problems of productivity in acids soil; as suggested by the title, subjects covered in the proceedings will be directed to reasearchers concerned with soil fertility and encironment as well as to scientists interested in the latest developments on a wide range of topics related to soil acidity and plant growth. ' Agrochimica 36:3 1992

Spis treści

Section 1: Chemistry of acid soils.- The chemical properties of acid soils with emphasis on soils of the humid tropics.- Solubility of aluminium and silicon in acidified spodosols: Evidence for soluble aluminosilicate.- Solid phase control of aluminium activity in an artificial plant growth medium containing hydroxy-Al-montmorillonite.- Predicting toxicity of reactive “solution” aluminium using kinetic speciation.- Chemical and minerological properties and soil solution composition of acid soils from the South Pacific Islands.- Some effects of chemical weathering in three cultivated acid sulfate soils in Sweden.- Fossil acid sulfate soils in Hokkaido, Northern Japan.- Chemistry and fertility of acid andisols with special reference to subsoil acidity.- Exchangeable cations and the pH-independent distribution of cation exchange capacities in Spodosols of a forested watershed.- Salt absorption in gypsum amended acid soils.- Soil model of iron phosphate solubility.- Characteristics of soil acidity of paddy soils in relation to rice growth.- Zinc fractionation in a Cecil soil as influenced by organic acid treatments.- Geographic relationships between soil and water acidity, soil-forming factors, and acid rain.- Effect of acid rain and ozone on soil and secondary needle nutrients of loblolly pine.- Deposition of anthropogenic sulphur dioxide on soils and resulting soil acidification.- Section 2: Fertility of acid soils.- Fertility of acid soils.- Processes of soil acidification during nitrogen cycling with emphasis on legume based pastures.- Critical ammonium: nitrate uptake ratios for Douglas-fir determining rhizosphere pH and tree mortality.- Ecosystem-level significance of acid forest soil.- Plant-soil interactions associated with acid weathered soils.- Effect of phosphorus supply to the surface roots of wheat on root extension and rhizosphere chemistry in an acidic subsoil.- Effects of phosphate fertilization, lime amendments, and inoculation with VA-mycorrhizal fungi on soybeans in an acid soil.- Tolerance to acid soil conditions of the velvet beans Mucuna pruriens var. utilis and M. deeringiana. I. Root development.- Root growth of peanut cultivars and soil acidity.- Soil and soil solution property effects on root growth of aluminium tolerant and intolerant wheat cultivars.- A rapid method for predicting the lime requirement of acidic temperate soils with widely varying organic matter contents.- Effects of sample depth, and of lime and phosphorus applications on soil test levels in pasture soils.- Effects of lime additions on the availability of phosphorus and sulphur in some temperate and tropical acid soils.- Use of lime, gypsum, ana their combinations to improve nodulation and yield of groundnut in an acidic soil.- The effect of phosphate rock dissolution on soil chemical properties and wheat seedling root elongation.- Calcium magnesium imbalance in clovers: A cause of negative yield response to liming.- Soil acidity and its interactions with phosphorus availability for a range of different crop types.- Efficiency of rock phosphate as phosphatic fertilizer to rice in acid soil of Karnataka, India.- Acid soil profiles of the semiarid and subhumid tropics in Central and West Africa.- Nitrogen in soil and cotton growth as affected by liming and nitrogen fertilizer.- Liming and molybdenum effects on nitrogen uptake and grain yield of corn.- Studies on nutrition of rice cultivars under simulated acidic conditions with particular reference to iron.- Interaction of soil zinc, calcium, and pH with zinc toxicity in peanuts.- Effect of boron, lime and their residue on yield of cauliflower, leaf composition and soil properties.- Soil acidity effects on premature germination in immature maize grain.- Section 3: Management of acid soils.- The management of acid soils.- The management of soil acidity for sustainable crop production.- Characteristics of acid soils in Thailand: A Review.- Soil spatial variability and steep pasture management considerations in an acid soil environment.- Residual effects of natural bush Cajanus cajan and Tephrosia Candida on the productivity of an acid soil in southeastern Nigeria.- Old tree root channels in acid soils in the humid tropics: Important for crop root penetration, water infiltration and nitrogen management.- Effect of incorporated green manure crops on subsequent oat production in an acid, infertile silty loam.- The injection of slurries of lime, associated with deep tillage, to increase wheat production on soils with subsoil acidity.- Growth of vineyard roots into segmentally ameliorated acidic subsoils.- Long-term effects of lime in extensive pasture areas of Australia.- A field comparison of lime requirement indices for maize.- Phosphorus-lime interaction in a strongly acid upland soil grown to rice in Cavinti, Philippines.- Alfalfa yields and quality as influenced by subsurface application of phosphorus, potassium and limestone.- Establishment and growth of Vigna parkeri on an acid Florida spodosol in response to lime and phosphorus.- Effects of limestone and gypsum application to a Malaysian ultisol on soil solution composition and yields of maize and groundnut.- Use of gypsum, phosphogypsum and fluoride to ameliorate subsurface acidity in a pasture soil.- Response of upland rice and common bean to liming on an oxisol.- The effect of lime and vegetation management on non-wetting behaviour of an acid siliceous sand.- Efficiency of rock phosphate in rice-groundnut cropping system in acid soils of coastal Karnataka, India.- Influence of phosphate rock sources and rates on rice and common bean production in an oxisol.- Acidification of soil in Alberta by nitrogen fertilizers applied to bromegrass.- Acidification of forest soil by elemental sulphur dust.- Section 4: Microbial relations in acid soils.- Soil acidity and the microbial population: Survival and growth of bacteria in low pH.- Response of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli to acidity.- Increased yield in annual species of Medicago grown in acidic soil in response to inoculation with acid tolerant Rhizobium meliloti.- Rhizobium meliloti inoculation of alfalfa selected for tolerance to acid aluminium-rich soils.- Effects of pH and Al3+ activity on survival of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii in a simple solution and on nodulation of red clover in acid soils.- Tolerance of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolohus) and its symbiotic system to soil acidity.- Effects of soil acidity factors on interaction of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes and Rhizobium strains: Symbiotic N-fixation, grain quality and grain yield in acid soils.- The effect of lime, nitrogen and Rhizobium inoculation on dry top production, nutrient concentration and nodulation of subterranean clover grown on an acid siliceous sand.- Growth and N2 fixation response of arrowleaf clover to manganese and pH in solution culture.- Symbiotic soybean in acidified soil.- Coating birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) seed with CaCC3 and rock phosphate: Early seedling development in controlled environments.- Isolation, characterization and associative N-fixation of acid-tolerant Azospirillum brasilense strains associated with Eleusine coracana in low pH-Al-rich acid soil.- Interaction studies between Rhizobium leguminosarum and Meloidogyne incognita on pea (Pisum sativum L.) grown under different concentrations of molybdenum.- Control of Meloidogyne incognita and Bacillus thuringiensis.- Section 5: Physiology/Biochemistry of acid stress tolerance in plants.- Mechanisms of adaptation of plants to acid soils.- The aluminium signal: New dimensions to mechanisms of aluminium tolerance.- Identity of the rhizotoxic aluminium species.- Predicting toxic concentrations of manganese in acid soils.- Short term responses of soybean roots to aluminium.- The effects of short and long term aluminium treatment on potassium fluxes in roots of an aluminium sensitive cultivar of barley.- Aluminium decreases root growth and calcium and magnesium uptake in Picea abies seedlings.- Calcium and magnesium amelioration of aluminium toxicity in Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant wheat.- The role of magnesium and calcium in alleviating aluminium toxicity in wheat plants.- Investigating the relationship between aluminium toxicity, root growth, and root-generated ion currents.- An ultrastructural study of the inhibition of mucilage secretion in the wheat root cap by aluminium.- Identification of aluminium-tolerant protoplasts in the original root protoplast population from several plant species differing in aluminium tolerance.- Behaviour of inbred and hybrid maize lines in the presence of aluminium as evaluated by some physiological and biochemical parameters.- Nitrate and ammonium uptake and solution pH changes for Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes grown with and without aluminium.- Effects of silicon on growth and mineral composition of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grown with toxic levels of aluminium.- Biochemical mechanism of the toxicity of aluminium and the sequestration of aluminium in plant cells.- Biochemical basis of aluminium tolerance in plant cells.- Induction of protein synthesis by aluminium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root tips.- Organic acid and free proline accumulation and nitrate reductase activity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes differing in aluminium tolerance.- Biochemical studies of peanut cells grown in suspension cultures treated with aluminium.- Growth of peanut cells in suspension cultures treated with aluminium.- Changes in pH of legume cell suspension culture media containing aluminium.- Section 6: Identification of acid tolerant plants.- Identifying plants adaptable to low pH conditions.- Evaluation of solution culture techniques for studying aluminium toxicity in plants.- The effects of Aluminium and pH on the growth of a range of temperate grass species and cultivars.- Aluminium tolerance of forage species.- Short-term bioassay of Lotus corniculatus soil acidity tolerance.- Evaluating sweet potato tolerance to aluminium toxicity: Comparison of rapid test method and field results.- Pearl millet and sorghum tolerance to aluminium in acid soil.- Differential responses of sorghum to aluminium in nutrient solution and acid soil.- Field screening of rice cultivars for growth, yield and nutrient uptake in acidic soil.- Screening for low-phosphorus tolerance among tomato strains.- Adaptation of shrub legumes to acid soils.- Morphology, root conductivity, and mineral accumulation of Northwest U.S. tree species in response to acid deposition in artificial soil.- Experimental system for investigations of aluminium toxicity in fruit trees.- Section 7: Genetics/Breeding of acid tolerant plants.- Genetics of acid tolerant plants.- Breeding for tolerance to aluminium toxicity in wheat.- Selection for tolerance and susceptibility to aluminium within Trifolium repens L..- Acid soil tolerance mechanisms for juvenile stage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).- Intercrossing methods, mutagenesis treatments, and tissue culture techniques for expanding the genetic diversity of flatpea, Lathyrus sylvestris L..- Aluminium tolerance of Triticum aestivum L. populations related to plant-induced pH changes of nutrient solution.- Protein profiles in roottips of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with differential tolerance to aluminium.- Aluminium tolerance in wheat: Analysis of polypeptides in the root apices of tolerant and sensitive genotypes.- Inheritance of acid-soil tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grown on an ultisol.- Leaf mineral element concentrations in sorghum Sorghum bicolor) hybrids and their parents grown at varied aluminium saturations on an ultisol.