Cooperative Phenomena

ISBN-13: 9783642860058 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 458 str.

H. Haken; M. Wagner

Opis

The study of cooperative phenomena is one of the dominant features of contem porary physics. Outside physics it has grown to a huge field of interdisciplinary investigation, involving all the natural sciences from physics via biology to socio logy. Yet, during the first few decades following the advent of quantum theory, the pursuit of the single particle or the single atom, as the case may be, has been so fascinating that only a small number of physicists have stressed the importance of collective behaviour. One outstanding personality among these few is Professor HERBERT FROHLICH. He has made an enormous contribution to the modern concept of cooperativity and has stimulated a whole generation of physicists. Therefore, it seemed to the editors very appropriate to dedicate a volume on "cooperative phenomena" to him on the occasion of his official retirement from his university duties. Nevertheless, in the course of carrying out this project, the editors have been somewhat amazed to find that they have covered the essentials of contemporary physics and its im pact on other scientific disciplines. It thus becomes clear how much HERBERT FROHLICH has inspired research workers and has acted as a stimulating discussion partner for others. FROHLICH is one of those exceptional scientists who have wor ked in quite different fields and given them an enormous impetus. Unfortunately, the number of scientists of such distinctive personality has been decreasing in our century.

Spis treści

I. Quasi-particles and their Interactions.- Specific Editorial Introduction.- a) Some Problems about Polarons in Transition Metal Compounds.- b) Light Absorption by Electrons in Polar Crystals in a Strong Magnetic Field.- c) Properties of Crystals at High Concentration of Excitons.- d) Some Steady State Effects Associated with Electric Currents in Semiconductors.- e) The Free Energy and Dynamical Structure Factors of a Metallic System.- II. Superconductivity and Superfluidity.- Specific Editorial Introduction.- a) Electron-phonon Interactions and Superconductivity.- b) The Mechanism for Superconductivity—Twenty-Two Years Later.- c) Transition Temperatures of Superconductors.- d) The Effect of Stress on the Superconductivity of Tin.- e) Aspects of Condensation in 4He II.- f) The Derivation of Time-Dependent Ginzburg-Landau Equations in Superfluids.- g) Scattering of 4He Atoms by the Surface of Liquid 4He.- III. Dielectric Theory.- Specific Editorial Introduction.- a) Some Comments on the Dynamical Dielectric Constants.- b) Vibrational Absorption and Electronic Deformation in Solids.- c) Electrically Induced Stresses in Dielectric Fluids.- d) Dielectric Constant of Alkali Halide Crystals Containing OH? Substitutional Impurities.- IV. Reduced Density Matrices.- Specific Editorial Introduction.- a) Hypothetical Infinite Series Expressions of Reduced Density Matrices.- b) Towards a Generalized Ginzburg-Landau Equation.- c) Bose Condensation and Superfluid Hydrodynamics.- V. Phase Transitions.- Specific Editorial Introduction.- a) The Description of Thermodynamical Phases in Statistical Mechanics.- b) The Effect of Interatomic Potential on the Feature of Solid-Liquid Phase Transition.- c) The Effect of a Magnetic Field on Impurity Conduction in Semiconductors.- d) Relaxation Measurements on Single Crystals of MnCl2 · 4 H2O and MnBr2 · 4 H2O Near the Magnetic Phase Transition.- VI. Many-body Effects.- Specific Editorial Introduction.- a) The He Monolayer on Graphite.- b) Comments on Statistical Model and Collective Modes of Nuclei.- c) Classical Aspects of Spontaneous Emission.- d) Experiments and Theoretical Considerations Concerning the Dual Nature of Light.- e) Divergent Integrals in Scattering Theory.- f) Perturbation Methods and Lagrange’s Expansion.- g) A Simple Lagrangian Formalism for Fermi-Dirac Quantization.- VII. Synergetic Systems.- Specific Editorial Introduction.- a) Synergetics—Towards a New Discipline.- b) Irreversibility and Dissipativity of Quantum Systems.- c) On the Possibility of Transport-Phase-Transitions in Phonon Systems.- d) Search for Cooperative Phenomena in Hydrogen-Bonded Amide Structures.- e) Behaviour of Interacting Protons: The Average-Mass Approach to their Study and their Possible Biological Relevance.- f) Ion Transport Across Cell Membranes.- g) Physical Relationships in Architecture.- VIII. Biographical and Scientific Reminiscences.- a) Biographical Notes.- b) Erinnerungen an die gemeinsame Arbeit mit Herbert Fröhlich.- c) Superconductivity and Superfluidity.- d) Some Reminiscences of Research in Liverpool in 1950.- e) Bibliographical Notes.