The Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy: XIIIth International Conference Heidelberg, Germany May 22-25, 2000

ISBN-13: 9783540671763 / Angielski / Miękka / 2000 / 604 str.

Wolfgang Schlegel; Thomas Bortfeld; W. Schlegel

Opis

Computers have had and will continue to have a tremendous impact on professional activity in almost all areas. This applies to radiological medicine and in particular to radiation therapy. This book compiles the most recent developments and results of the application of computers and computer science as presented at the XIIIth International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy in Heidelberg, Germany. The text of both oral presentations and posters is included. The book is intended for computer sientists, medical physicists, engineers and physicians in the field of radiation therapy and provides a comprehensive survey of the entire field.

Spis treści

Monday, 22 May 2000 Focus Session: Inverse Planning (Steve Webb).- 1. Inverse-planning for IMRT with a robotically-mounted linac: parameterization of this ultimate(?) IMRT technique.- 2. Tomotherapy: Optimal coplanar radiotherapy.- 3. DMLC IMRT Is Sufficient for All Clinical Purposes.- 4. Complex IMRT increases the potential for dose misadministration, and simple planning and delivery methods can achieve the same results with reduced risk of patient injury.- Session: Optimization/Inverse Planning 1.- 1. Using a dose-volume feasibility search algorithm for radiation treatment planning.- 2. Dose-volume constrained radiotherapy optimization for a clinical treatment planning system.- 3. IMRT optimization based on the generalized equivalent uniform dose (EUD).- 4. Investigation of ROC analysis for inverse treatment planning evaluation.- 5. The use of Maximum Likelihood Estimator and the Dynamically Penalized Likelihood methods in inverse radiation therapy planning.- 6. A multicriteria optimization approach for inverse radiotherapy planning.- 7. Computer-assisted selection of importance factors in inverse planning.- 8. Dose-Based Conformal Field Shaping using Automated Optimization.- 9. Direct computation of the “step-and-shoot” IMRT plan.- 10. Beam orientations in IMRT: to optimize or not to optimize?.- 11. Inverse Treatment Planning for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.- 12. Heuristics for conventional planning.- P1. Hyperion — An integrated IMRT planning tool.- P2. ORBIT: Optimization of Radiation therapy Beams by iterative Techniques, a new optimization code.- P3. The effect of PTV size on PTV dose homogeneity.- P4. Integration of the KonRad inverse planning tool into the iSis3D treatment planning system.- P5. The influence of dose matrix and voxel dimensions for the dose calculation on inverse treatment planning for stereotactic radiosurgery.- P6. Cases studies in tomotherapy optimization: Breast, Prostate, Mesothelioma and Nasopharyngeal treatments.- P7. Method of normalising and sensitivity to setup variations of IMRT treatment plans.- P8. Influence of the sampling of dose and beams spaces on the ill conditioning and on quality of inverse dose distribution for IMRT.- Session: Computer Science.- 1. Formal Safety Analysis of the Control Program for a Radiation Therapy Machine.- 2. Design Considerations for Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Treatment Planning.- 3. A delineation system for N modalities — software aspects.- 4. A new design for a DICOM-3 server.- 5. Implementing DICOM RT in a radiotherapy department.- 6. The design and implementation of a multi-center volumetric and dosimetric database.- 7. Network-wide application sharing as part of an electronic patient referral system.- 8. Wide Area Networking for Radiotherapy Services.- 9. A Deformable Template Approach to Registration of Serial CT Studies for Dose Planning in Intracavitary Brachytherapy.- 10. Image Fusion in Radiotherapy.- 11. Automated image registration using mutual information for both affine and thin-plate spline geometric transformations.- 12. Prostate Boundary Detection and Visualization in TRUS Images.- P9. Multimodality image fusion and localisation environment for radiosurgery treatments of large AVMs.- P10. Computerized Segmentation of Clustered Seeds in Prostate Brachytherapy.- P11. A quality control of a virtual simulation system including an inverse DRR software.- P12. Image fusion using mediated data displays.- P13. A new approach for improved tumor volumetry.- P14. Digital data exchange for multi-institutional clinical trials in 3D conformal radiation therapy and prostate brachytherapy.- P15. The creation of radiotherapy archive using Internet technology.- Focus Session: Monte Carlo-Based Routine Clinical Treatment Planning (David Rogers).- 1. Questions for comparison of clinical Monte Carlo codes.- 2. MCDOSE — A Monte Carlo Dose Calculation Tool for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning.- 3. VMC++, a fast MC algorithm for Radiation Treatment planning.- 4. Performance benchmarks of the MCV Monte Carlo system.- Session: Computer Science/Imaging.- 1. Computer Automated Quantification of Respiratory Motion in a Fluoroscopic Movie.- 2. The use of artificial neural networks in mammographie screening.- 3. Imaging in situ activated 15O to study tumor hypoxia.- 4. Application to Lung Conformal Radiotherapy of a Spect and Computerised Tomography (C.T.) Image Registration Method.- 5. FDG-PET Imaging for Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer.- 6. Feedback and Interlock Triggering for Real-Time IMRT Verification.- 7. Dynamic Opto-Electronic Body Surface Sensing & Computerised Surface Matching for Patient Positioning & Monitoring in Radiotherapy.- 8. Monte Carlo evaluation of a highly efficient photon detector for tomotherapy.- 9. A 3D CT software platform for radiotherapy.- P16. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy guided integrated boost irradiation for high grade gliomas using IMRT.- P17. Therapy A full 3D verification technique for static field IMRT.- Tuesday, 23 May 2000 Focus Session: IMRT Delivery: Theoretical Concepts and Clinical Reality (Arthur Boyer, Wilfried DeNeve).- 1. IMRT by Dynamic MLC.- 2. Intensity-Modulated ARC Therapy: Clinical Implementation and Experience.- 3. Clinical Implementation of IMRT by MLC Technology.- 4. Quality Assurance of IMRT.- Session: IMRT Delivery Techniques.- 1. Monte Carlo studies of energy modulated radiotherapy.- 2. Modulated electron beams for treatment of breast cancer.- 3. Monte Carlo Simulations of Multileaf Collimated Electrons.- 4. Applicability of a multi-hole collimator for scanned photon beams: A Monte Carlo study.- 5. Slide and Shoot: A new method for MLC delivery of IMRT.- 6. Applicator-Guided Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy: A New Approach to Treating Cervical Cancer.- 7. Application of modifiers for intensity modulated photon fields.- 8. Delivery of Multiple IMRT Fields Using a Single Physical Attenuator.- 9. Application of Enhanced Dynamic Wedge to Stereotactic Radiotherapy.- 10. An improved technique for tangential breast irradiation applying MLC field shaping and inverse planning.- 11. Eliminating complex treatment setup for intact breast or postmastectomy treatment with intensity modulated radiation therapy.- 12. Clinical implementation of IMRT for customized compensation using dynamic multileaf collimation.- P18. Assessment of Treatment Techniques and Collimation in Conformal Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy.- P19. General Anatomy Based Segmentation for Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer.- P20. The use of compensators and multiple static fields for IMRT of the breast.- P21. A mixed integer programming approach to the multileaf collimator problem.- P22. Comparison of Leaf Sequencing Techniques: Dynamic vs. Multiple Static Segments.- P23. Evaluation and quality control of a compensation system for intensity-modulated radiotherapy.- P24. IMRT in routine — experiences from a feasibility study.- Session: Dose Calculation & Biological Models.- 1. An optimized convolution/superposition based algorithm for dose calculation with photon beams.- 2. A multigrid method for accelerating superposition dose calculations.- 3. Use of Collapsed Cone Convolution for an Initial Investigation of Portal Dose Image Prediction.- 4. Modelling of photon beam spectral variations.- 5. Obtaining realistic spectra of photon and electron beams.- 6. A measured Data Set for evaluating electron beam dose algorithms.- 7. The importance of the dose calculation model on plan evaluation for IMRT.- 8. Biological optimization including both the normal and tumor tissues in the target volume.- 9. Limitations in using dose-volume histograms for radiotherapy dose optimization.- 10. Development of software to calculate the biological effect of different fractionation schedules in model tumours.- 11. A Novel Radiobiological Cell Cycle Model.- 12. Estimation of complication probabilities after radiosurgery of AVM patients using a biological model.- P25. Implementation of EvTool, a quantitative and radiobiological evaluation system in a commercial RTPS.- P26. Computer-aided side effect monitoring.- P27. A Deterministic Photon and Electron Transport Algorithm for Radiation Dosimetry.- P28. Siemens virtual wedge: A dose calculation model with constraint checking.- P29. Development of On-line Beam Data Acquisition and Treatment Planning Software.- P30. Influence of the dose response model for normal tissue on the dose distribution in IMRT.- P31. Application of Biological Modeling to Facilitate the Transition from Conventional to Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Treatment.- P32. Phoenix 2000, A 3D conformal Treatment Planning System.- Wednesday, 24 May 2000 Focus Session: Quality Assurance in Treatment Verification of Conformal Radiation Therapy (Fridtjof Nüsslin).- 1. Progress in portal imaging techniques.- 2. On the use of electronic portal imaging for treatment verification.- 3. Computational methods for treatment verification: the Full Monte Carlo contribution.- 4. Quality Management in Conformal Radiotherapy.- Session: IMRT Delivery & Verification.- 1. Improving dosimetric accuracy of a dynamic MLC technique.- 2. Dynamic multileaf collimation and three-dimensional verification in IMRT.- 3. Delivery and dosimetry verification in IMRT.- 4. Dosimetry of gated Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy.- 5. The Dosimetric Consequences of Patient Movement on Three Classes of Intensity-Modulated Delivery Techniques in Breast Radiotherapy.- 6. Monitor Units Verification Calculation in IMRT as a Patient Specific Dosimetry.- 7. Database energy fluence verification and the importance of on-board CT imaging in dose reconstruction.- 8. Delivery modification as an alternative to patient repositioning in tomotherapy.- 9. Optimized Decomposition of Virtual Micro Intensity Maps.- 10. Fluence segmentation for micro intensity modulated radiotherapy with a miniature multileaf collimator.- 11. The effects of beamlet size on IMRT optimization.- 12. Reduction of Treatment Time in IMRT Step and Shoot Irradiations by Means of a Changed Fractionation Scheme.- P33. Dynamic MLC delivered IMRT: verification using Polyacrylamide gel dosimetry.- P34. Tomographic Verification of Tomotherapy — Before, During and After Treatment.- P35. Computer simulated patient motion and setup uncertainties in intensity modulated radiotherapy.- Session: Other Treatment Modalities.- 1. Intensity modulated proton therapy: A first clinical example.- 2. Physical and Biological Dose Distribution Due to Primary Protons and Secondary Particles from Nuclear Interactions.- 3. A new planning tool for IMRT treatments: implementation and first application for proton beams.- 4. OCTOPUS, a planning tool for proton therapy of eye tumours.- 5. Patient setup for proton radiotherapy using digital x-ray images of implanted fiducials.- 6. VolEye — An application for interactive 3D-visualization and treatment planning of intraocular tumors.- 7. An improved 3D-Model for a Therapeutic Carbon Beam.- 8. The depth-dose profile analyzer: a dosimetry system for fast measurement of 3D depth-dose profiles in charged-particle tumor therapy with scanning techniques.- 9. An Integrated Treatment Delivery System for SRS and SRT.- 10. Monte Carlo for the Cyberknife.- 11. Investigations on medical aspects of CoRA — A new Cobalt Radiotherapy Arrangement (feasibility study).- 12. Planning and Optimisation of Stereotactic Laser-Neurosurgery.- P36. Automated Analysis of Film Checks for QA of Stereotactic Treatment Setup.- P37. Treatment planning for ion radiotherapy.- P38. Determination of dose-volumes parameters to characterise the conformity of stereotactic treatment plans.- P39. BANGTM polymer gels applied to the verification of conformal heavy ion radiotherapy.- P40. Correlation between CT number and water-equivalent thickness for heavy charged particles.- P41. Parameter adjustment of a proton pencil beam algorithm using experimental data from complex compensators.- P42. The “X-Sting”: a new PC-based, 3D stëreotactic treatment planning system.- Session: Quality Assurance.- 1. Automated image based quality assurance for medical linear accelerators.- 2. A multi-purpose quality assurance tool for MLC-based IMRT.- 3. Monitor Unit Calculation for Intensity Modulated Photon field.- 4. Image Correlation and In Vivo Dosimetry in IMRT.- 5. On the chemical stability of 3D monomer/polymer gel dosimetry.- 6. An initial investigation of Optical CT and MR scanning of gel dosimeters.- 7. Analyzing dose distributions from a treatment planning system, MC simulations and polymer gel measurements.- 8. Automated verification of 3D-Conformal and IMRT treatment planning using polymer gels.- 9. Future concepts for IMRT verification techniques derived from experiences gained in scanning heavy ion radiotherapy.- P43. A software system for patient-specific quality control of intensity-modulated radiation treatments by Fricke-gel.- P44. A simple and robust method for clinical implementation of midplane transit dosimetry using diodes and portal films.- P45. Comparison of MRI-Interrogated Fricke and BANG Gel Proton Dose Visualisation for a Therapy Cyclotron.- P46. Concave Dose Distributions in Dynamic Arc Radiosurgery.- Session: Monte Carlo 1.- 1. Is Monte Carlo noise removal feasible?.- 2. Implementation of several variance reduction techniques into the XVMC Monte Carlo algorithm for photon beams.- 3. Parallel processing of radiotherapy Monte Carlo simulations on a remote Beowulf cluster.- 4. A Scaling Method for Multiple Source Models (SMSM).- 5. Effect of CT Streaking Artefacts in Monte Carlo Dose Distributions for Head and Neck Cancer.- 6. Peregrine: Bringing Monte Carlo based Treatment Planning Calculations to Today’s Clinic.- 7. Modification of a virtual source model for Monte Carlo based IMRT verification.- 8. IMRT with Monte Carlo dose computation: what is the benefit?.- 9. The impact of Monte Carlo dose calculations on treatment outcomes.- P47. On the evaluation and implementation of efficient sampling algorithms for Monte Carlo based dose calculation.- P48. Electron beam commissioning for Monte Carlo Dose Calculation.- P49. Modeling and Commissioning of Clinical Photon Beams for Monte Carlo Treatment Planning.- P50. Simulation of Beam Modifiers for Monte Carlo Treatment Planing.- P51. Speeding up Monte Carlo simulation of electron cut-outs in treatment planning.- P52. Influence of tissue composition on the results of Monte Carlo simulations for patient dose calculations.- Session: Monte Carlo 2.- 1. A virtual linear accelerator for verification of treatment planning systems.- 2. A Monte Carlo method for commissioning electron beams.- 3. Adding a Dynamic Swing to Monte Carlo simulation — Modeling Dynamic Jaw Motion Using Three Sampling Techniques.- 4. Dynamic-MLC Modeling for Monte Carlo dose calculations.- 5. Considerations for modeling MLCs with Monte Carlo techniques.- 6. Monte Carlo simulation of wax compensating filters for radiotherapy of the head and neck.- 7. Omega Monte Carlo verification of dosimetric data for Gamma Knife.- 8. A Monte Carlo study of backscatter in the monitor ion chamber for clinical photon and electron beams.- 9. Monte Carlo Simulation of the effective point of measurement of the Markus chamber for electrons, the upright PinPoint chamber for photons, and other chambers.- Session: Brachytherapy.- 1. A Fast Dose Calculation Algorithm for Deformable Liquid-Filled Brachytherapy Applicators with Low Energy Photon Emitting Radionuclides.- 2. Accounting for heterogeneities and shields in brachytherapy dose calculation by use of collapsed cone superposition.- 3. Planning of Cardiovascular Brachytherapy.- 4. An Iterative Mixed-integer Programming Approach to Brachytherapy Treatment Plan Optimization for Prostate Cancer.- 5. Database infrastructure for multi-institutional clinical trials in 3D conformal radiotherapy and prostate brachytherapy.- 6. Evaluation of the Treatment Planning of Interstitial Hyperthermia of Glioblastomas.- 7. Monte Carlo dosimetry for intravascular brachytherapy.- 8. Monte Carlo Investigation of Typical and Potential Sources for Endovascular Brachytherapy.- 9. Derivation of dosimetry data for brachytherapy sources using Monte Carlo for primary and scatter dose separation.- P53. Dose-Area Analysis for Endovascular Brachytherapy.- P54. The application of GEANT4 simulation code to the verification of a brachytherapy calibration procedure.- P55. Autoreconstruction of Catheters in CT Based Brachytherapy Treatment Planning.- P56. EGS4 Energy Deposition Kernels at Low Photon Energy including the Molecular Coherent Scattering Form Factor.- Thursday, 25 May 2000 Focus Session: New Approaches in Patient Positioning — Strengthening a Weak Chain Link (Gig Mageras).- 1. Advances in Patient Immobilisation and Positioning Techniques.- 2. Interventional strategies to counter the effects of inter-fraction treatment variation.- 3. Interventional strategies for reducing respiratory-induced motion in external beam therapy.- 4. Ultrasound for Patient Positioning in Radiation Therapy.- Session: Optimization/Inverse Planning 2.- 1. Treatment strategy for daily image feedback adaptive radiotherapy.- 2. A Generalization of adaptive Radiotherapy and the registration of deformable dose distributions.- 3. Statistical control applications for dynamic refinement.- 4. Clinical applications of combining IMRT with electron beam.- 5. A comparison of IMRT planning systems in the treatment of colon-rectal cancer.- 6. A Clinically Oriented Inverse Planning Implementation.- 7. Incorporating clinical factors in plan optimization.- 8. Microboost treatment of prostate tumors.- 9. Application of some regularization methods to the radiosurgery inverse problem.- 10. Modelling the Effects of IMRT Delivery: Constraints and Incorporation of Beam Smoothing into Inverse Planning.- 11. Simplification of IMRT intensity maps by means of 1-D and 2-D median-filtering during the iterative alculation.- 12. Errors in inverse treatment planning based on inaccurate dose calculation.- Session: EPID & Patient Positioning.- 1. Defining margins for systematic rotations and translations: A probability based geometrical approach.- 2. An optimal off-line set-up correction protocol based on numerical simulations with measured set-up data of 600 prostate cancer patients.- 3. Verification of dynamic MLC delivery using Electronic Portal Imaging.- 4. Cone-beam computed tomography on a medical linear accelerator using a flat-panel imager.- 5. MV and kV cone-beam CT on a medical linear accelerator.- 6. Quantitative cone beam megavoltage CT.- 7. Quality assurance of a videogrammetric system for computer-controlled non-invasive patient positioning for fractionated radiosurgery.- 8. Initial experience with a system for automated patient positioning.- 9. Implementation of a System for Precision, Automated Daily Target Volume Positioning.- 10. Using routine portal images to detect internal organ motion in prostate cancer patients; a simulation.- 11. Preliminary evaluation of a non-invasive ultrasound prostate localization device.- 12. Ultrasound guided percutaneous radiotherapy of prostate cancer.- P57. Whole Body Frame for the Target Localization with CCTV Camera System and Fluoroscopy.- P58. Studies for On-line Registration of Different Quality Images in Radiation Therapy.- P59. Experimental study of six parameter patient registration from helical MV fan-beam data.- P60. Computer assisted decision making after portal imaging.- P61. Digital Enhancement of Portal Images by Anisotropic Diffusion.- P62. Evaluation of a New Relocatable Head Fixation System.- Author Index.