I History of Brainstem Surgery 1 History of Brainstem Surgery II Anatomy, Development, and Pathology of the Brainstem, Thalamus, and Pineal Region 2 Anatomy of the Brainstem, Thalamus, Pineal Region, and Cranial Nerves 3 Development of the Human Brainstem and Its Vasculature 4 Pathology of the Brainstem III Examination, Imaging, and Monitoring for Brainstem Surgery 5 Imaging Anatomy and Pathology of the Brainstem, Thalamus, and Pineal Region 6 Neuromonitoring for Brainstem Surgery 7 Neurologic Examination of the Brainstem and Thalamus IV Surgical Approaches to the Brainstem, Thalamus, and Pineal Region 8 Surgical Approaches to the Ventral Brainstem and Thalamus 9 Approaches to the Dorsal Brainstem, Thalamus, and Pineal Region 10 Skull Base Approaches to the Lateral Brainstem and Cranial Nerves 11 Endoscopic Approaches to the Brainstem 12 Safe Entry Zones to the Brainstem V Comprehensive Management of Tumors of the Brainstem, Thalamus, and Pineal Region 13 Adult Brainstem Gliomas 14 Pediatric Brainstem Tumors 15 Tumors of the Thalamus 16 Tumors of the Third Ventricle 17 Tumors of the Fourth Ventricle 18 Tumors of the Cerebellopontine Angle 19 Pineal Region Tumors 20 Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Tumors of the Brainstem, Thalamus, and Pineal Region 21 Radiotherapy for Pineal, Thalamic, and Brainstem Tumors 22 Neuro-Oncologic Considerations for Pineal, Thalamic, and Brainstem Tumors VI Comprehensive Management of Vascular Pathology of the Brainstem and Thalamus 23 Brainstem Ischemia, Stroke, and Endovascular Revascularization of the Posterior Circulation 24 Microsurgical Embolectomy for Emergency Revascularization of the Brainstem 25 Brainstem and Thalamic Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage 26 Surgical Management of Posterior Circulation Aneurysms 27 Endovascular Management of Aneurysms of the Posterior Circulation 28 Surgical Management of Thalamic and Brainstem Arteriovenous Malformations 29 Endovascular Management of Brainstem and Thalamic Arteriovenous Malformations 30 Surgery for Thalamic and Brainstem Cavernous Malformations 31 Revascularization of the Brainstem 32 Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations of the Basal Ganglia, Thalamus, and Brainstem VII Implants and Cranial Nerve Repair 33 Auditory Brainstem Implants